{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T23:46:58Z","timestamp":1777852018094,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. VA Cooperative Studies Program"},{"name":"VA Boston Medical Informatics Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Informatics J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Clinical trials are vital for advancing care. However, a systematic approach to tracking trial participation across different facilities and sponsors has been lacking. We developed natural language processing (NLP) methods to extract study enrollment history, including enrollment status, consent date, and study title from information on clinical trial participation recorded in clinical notes in the electronic health record based on national Veterans Affairs electronic health record data. The method exhibited high test-set precision for enrollment status (0.94), consent date (0.97), and study title (0.87) and acceptably high recall (0.76, 0.70, and 0.84, respectively). From a single center, the classifier correctly identified 111 of 125 trial participants (88.8%) across 12 distinct trials. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using NLP to capture trial enrollment from a nationwide healthcare system. This algorithm creates a novel data resource for analyzing and tracking trial enrollment at the population level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14604582261430614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T01:56:21Z","timestamp":1774922181000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Rule-based natural language processing to extract clinical trial and research study enrollment history from unstructured notes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Sergey D.","family":"Goryachev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System"}]},{"given":"Julie Tsu-Yu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palo Alto VA Medical Center"},{"name":"Stanford University"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System"},{"name":"McLean Hospital Institute for Technology in Psychiatry"}]},{"given":"Daphne R.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Durham VA Health Care System"},{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Zwolinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System"}]},{"given":"Rupali","family":"Dhond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System"},{"name":"Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine"}]},{"given":"Danne C.","family":"Elbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System"},{"name":"Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"La","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School"}]},{"given":"Cenk","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System"}]},{"given":"June K.","family":"Corrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System"}]},{"given":"Daniel C. R.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System"},{"name":"Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine"}]},{"given":"Mary T.","family":"Brophy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System"},{"name":"Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine"}]},{"given":"Nhan V.","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System"},{"name":"Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6868-7011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathanael R.","family":"Fillmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.180841"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","unstructured":"Research and Development Service - VA Portland HCS. Research & Development - Clinical Research Resource Page. 2025; https:\/\/www.va.gov\/PORTLANDRESEARCH\/crcresources\/index.asp"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-5056(02)00131-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","unstructured":"Veterans Health Administration. About VHA. 2025; https:\/\/www.va.gov\/health\/aboutvha.asp"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","unstructured":"VA Office of Research and Development. Program Guides VHA Directive and Handbooks -- 1200 series. 2023; https:\/\/www.research.va.gov\/resources\/policies\/handbooks.cfm."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djy221"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.3687"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.627"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2014.0054"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocx019"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocad218"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","unstructured":"Adupa AK Garg RP Corona-Cox J et al. An Information Extraction Approach to Prescreen Heart Failure Patients for Clinical Trials. 2016. Preprint at. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/ARXIV.1609.01594"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-015-0149-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/AIoa2400181"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3366423.3380181"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","first-page":"1086","article-title":"Matching Patients to Accelerate Clinical Trials (MPACT): Enabling Technology for Oncology Clinical Trial Workflow","volume":"310","author":"Do NV","year":"2024","unstructured":"Do NV, Elbers DC, Fillmore NR, et al. Matching Patients to Accelerate Clinical Trials (MPACT): Enabling Technology for Oncology Clinical Trial Workflow. Stud Health Technol Inform 2024; 310: 1086\u20131090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/SHTI231132","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-022-00312-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-10-56"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03430-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1726522"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2023.236"}],"container-title":["Health Informatics Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14604582261430614","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/14604582261430614","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14604582261430614","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:29:09Z","timestamp":1777501749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/14604582261430614"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/14604582261430614"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14604582261430614","relation":{},"ISSN":["1460-4582","1741-2811"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1460-4582","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2811","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"article-number":"14604582261430614"}}