{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:08:59Z","timestamp":1777939739756,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]],"date-time":"2002-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1038700800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Social scientists are increasingly interested in innovative organizational forms made possible with new media, known as epistemic communities, knowledge networks, or communities of practice, depending on the discipline. Some organizational forms can be difficult to study qualitatively because human, social, cultural, or symbolic capital is transmitted over significant distances with technologies that do not carry the full range of human expression that an ethnographer or participant observer hopes to experience. Whereas qualitative methods render rich description of human interaction, they can be unwieldy for studying complex formal and informal organizations that operate over great distances and through new media. Whereas social network analysis renders an overarching sketch of interaction, it will fail to capture detail on incommensurate yet meaningful relationships. Using social network analysis to justify case selection for ethnography, I propose `network ethnography' as a synergistic research design for the study of the organizational forms built around new media.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/146144402321466813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,19]],"date-time":"2003-07-19T01:53:44Z","timestamp":1058579624000},"page":"550-574","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":210,"title":["Network Ethnography and the Hypermedia Organization: New Media, New Organizations, New Methods"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"PHILIP N.","family":"HOWARD","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226189666.001.0001"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2928817"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001872679705000905"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452204710","volume-title":"Tune in, Log on: Soaps, Fandom, and Online Community","author":"Baym, N.K.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Shaping Technology\/Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change","author":"Bijker, W.E.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology","author":"Bijker, W.E.","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674732957","volume-title":"News Over the Wires: The Telegraph and the Flow of Public Information in America, 1844-1897","author":"Blondheim, M.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Cyberselfish: A Critical Romp Through the Terribly Libertarian Culture of High Tech.","author":"Borsook, P.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"The First $20 Million Is Always the Hardest","author":"Bronson, P.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"The Nudist On the Late Shift","author":"Bronson, P.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.2.1.40"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"The Rise of the Network Society","author":"Castells, M.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203323373"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.5.4.400"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.7.2.119"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483325385.n7"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089124195024003002"},{"key":"atypb18","first-page":"367","volume":"6","author":"Cummings, T.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Research in Organizational Behavior"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.32.5.554"},{"issue":"21","key":"atypb20","first-page":"36","author":"Dibbell, J.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Village Voice"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.27.1.307"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446250525","volume-title":"Experiencing Organizations","author":"Fineman, S.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.1997.tb00062.x"},{"key":"atypb24","volume-title":"Saving the Mediterranean: The Politics of International Environmental Cooperation","author":"Haas, P.M.","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb25","volume-title":"Cyborgs@cyberspace?: An Ethnographer Looks to the Future","author":"Hakken, D.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9780857020277"},{"key":"atypb27","volume":"45","author":"Howard, P.","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Behavioral Scientist"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1989.tb01454.x"},{"key":"atypb29","unstructured":"Keisler, S. and L. 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