{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:04:29Z","timestamp":1785416669343,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article argues that the contemporary console video game industry is a hybrid encompassing a mixture of Japanese and American businesses and (more importantly) cultures to a degree unseen in other media industries, especially in regard to US popular culture. The particularities of the video game industry and culture can be recognized in the transnational corporations that contribute to its formation and development; in the global audience for its products; and in the complex mixing of format, style and content within games. As an exemplar of this process, the Japanese game publisher Square Enix is the focus of this case study, as it has been successful in contributing to global culture as well as to the digital games industry through its glocal methods. That achievement by a non-Western corporation is indicative of the hybridization of the digital games industry, and it is examined here as one indicator of the complexities and challenges, as well as future potentials, of global media culture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444806059921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,2]],"date-time":"2006-02-02T08:43:30Z","timestamp":1138869810000},"page":"117-137","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Console video games and global corporations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Mia","family":"Consalvo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio University, USA,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"The Control Revolution","author":"Beniger, J.","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb2","author":"Bloom, D.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Variety.com"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"169","volume-title":"Contemporary Japan and Popular Culture","author":"Ching, L.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"\u2018Companies\u2019                  (2004) Gamasutra.com, URL (consulted 30 August                 2004): http:\/\/www.gamasutra.com\/php-bin\/contractor_display.php?category=1"},{"key":"atypb5","unstructured":"DFC Intelligence (21 October 2003)                      \u2018The Battle for Second Place: Microsoft vs Nintendo\u2019                 , URL (consulted 15 November 2003): http:\/\/www.dfcint.com\/game_article\/oct03article.html"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"\u2018Computer and Video Games: A British Phenomenon Around the World\u2019","author":"Entertainment and Leisure Software Publisher\u2019s Association","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Shared Fantasy: Role-playing Games as Social Worlds","author":"Fine, G.","year":"1983"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"\u2018From Exuberant Youth to Sustainable Maturity: Competitiveness Analysis of the UK Games Software Sector\u2019","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"Gamespot (2002) URL (consulted 3 April 2003): http:\/\/www.gamespot.com"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"Neuromancer","author":"Gibson, W.","year":"1984"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10457220120098955"},{"key":"atypb12","author":"Kapner, S.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nytimes.com"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9780773571068"},{"issue":"37","key":"atypb14","first-page":"48","volume":"31","author":"Kuwuhara, Y.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Popular Culture"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"The Export of Meaning: Cross-cultural Readings of Dallas","author":"Liebes, T.","year":"1993"},{"issue":"2","key":"atypb16","volume":"2","author":"Lugo, J.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Game Studies"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446250563.n5"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Global Hollywood","author":"Miller, T.","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203422977"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822381556-003"},{"key":"atypb21","author":"Nakamoto, M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Financial Times Limited"},{"key":"atypb22","unstructured":"NPD Funworld (2003)                      \u2018Industry Trends\u2019                 , URL (consulted 3 April 2003): http:\/\/www.npdfunworld.com\/funServel?nextpage=trend_body.html&content_id=460"},{"key":"atypb23","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Race in Cyberspace","author":"Ow, J.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb24","unstructured":"Playonline (2002) URL (consulted 1 April 2003): http:\/\/www.playonline.com"},{"key":"atypb25","first-page":"20","volume":"15","author":"Price, S.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Develop"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446250563.n2"},{"key":"atypb27","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Culture, Globalization and the World-system","author":"Robertson, R.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb28","volume-title":"Game Over: How Nintendo Conquered the World","author":"Sheff, D.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01292989909359625"},{"key":"atypb30","volume-title":"Opening the Xbox: Inside Microsoft\u2019s Plan to Unleash an Entertainment Revolution","author":"Takahashi, D.","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801842498"},{"key":"atypb32","volume-title":"Globalization and Culture","author":"Tomlinson, J.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb33","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Global Capitalism","author":"Toynbee, P.","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["New Media &amp; 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