{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:09:51Z","timestamp":1777939791767,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The general equation between the virtual and new media which prevailed during much of the 1990s is now openly regarded as untenable. Yet another sense of the virtual remains operative in the eventfulness of new media as cultural-technological processes. This article analyses the practices of \u2018the virtual\u2019 at work in the production, circulation and representation of the internet programming language and software platform, Java. Drawing from recent theories of post-social relationality (Shields, Lister et al., Massumi), it describes slippages in Java that trigger divergent, ongoing, generative transformations. Examining the circulation, interpretations, coding practices, branding and implementation of Java, the article suggests that a notion of practical virtuality as ongoing incompleteness can help to explain the dynamism of new media as open-ended cultural-technical relationalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444806061954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,18]],"date-time":"2006-05-18T06:28:32Z","timestamp":1147933712000},"page":"441-465","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Java\u2122: the practical virtuality of internet programming"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Adrian","family":"Mackenzie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancaster University, UK,"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Inventing the Internet","author":"Abbate, J.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"12","author":"Azeem, A.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Guardian"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/6352.001.0001","volume-title":"Sorting Things Out. Classification and Its Consequences","author":"Bowker, G. C.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"From Airline Reservations to Sonic the Hedgehog: A History of the Software Industry","author":"Campbell-Kelly, M.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"The Rise of the Network Society","author":"Castells, M.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"The Java Developer\u2019s Almanac","author":"Chan, P.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Intensive Science and Virtual Philosophy","author":"Delanda, M.","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Java in a Nutshell: A Desktop Quick Reference","author":"Flanagan, D.","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"JavaSpaces\u2122: Principles, Patterns and Practice","author":"Freeman, E.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"\u2018JavaJam 4\u2019","author":"Geek Cruises","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"\u2018Java: an Overview\u2019","author":"Gosling, J.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"Java Language Specification","author":"Gosling, J.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb13","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Becomings: Explorations in Time, Memory and Futures","author":"Grosz, E.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"Modest-Witness@Second-Millennium.FemaleMan-Meets-OncoMouse: Feminism","author":"Haraway, D.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"The Metaphysics of Virtual Reality","author":"Heim, M.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"\u20182003 JavaOne Conference\u2019","author":"JavaOne","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"\u2018Developer Tool Guide, JavaWorld\u2019","author":"JavaWorld","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"\u2018A Do-it-yourself Framework for Grid Computing: Learn to Build Your Own Grid Computing Application Using Open Source Tools\u2019","author":"Karre, A.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"\u2018Sun\u2019s McNealy Cites Java Successes\u2019","author":"Krill, P.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446217283"},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"We Have Never Been Modern","author":"Latour, B.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb22","volume-title":"Aramis, or the Love of Technology","author":"Latour, B.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/08992363-14-1-191"},{"key":"atypb24","volume-title":"Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace","author":"Lessig, L.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb25","volume-title":"Becoming Virtual: Reality in the Digital Age","author":"L\u00e9vy, P.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb26","volume-title":"Java Virtual Machine Specification","author":"Lindholm, T.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb27","volume-title":"New Media: A Critical Introduction","author":"Lister, M.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb28","volume-title":"Goto: Software Superheroes From Fortran to the Internet Age","author":"Lohr, S.","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03063127030333003"},{"key":"atypb30","volume-title":"The Language of New Media","author":"Manovich, L.","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.an.24.100195.000523"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822383574"},{"key":"atypb33","volume-title":"The Internet: An Ethnographic Approach","author":"Miller, D.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4512.001.0001"},{"key":"atypb35","first-page":"173","volume-title":"The Internet and American Life","author":"Neff, G.","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb36","volume-title":"\u2018Sun Wins Injunction Against Microsoft in Java Case\u2019","author":"Olavsrud, T.","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb37","first-page":"198","volume-title":"Global Ethnography: Forces, Connections and Imaginations in a Postmodern World","author":"\u00d3\u2019Riain, S.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb38","volume-title":"\u2018Oxford Dictionary of Computing\u2019","author":"Pyle, I.","year":"2004"},{"key":"atypb39","volume-title":"Anthropos Today. Reflections on Modern Equipment","author":"Rabinow, P.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb40","volume-title":"Toward a History of Epistemic Things: Synthesizing Proteins in the Test Tube","author":"Rheinberger, H.-J.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb41","volume-title":"The Virtual Community: Finding Connection in a Computerized World","author":"Rheingold, H.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822380764"},{"key":"atypb43","volume-title":"An Introduction to Data Structures and Algorithms with Java","author":"Rowe, G. W.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb44","volume-title":"\u2018JFC: An In-depth Look at Sun\u2019s Successor to AWT. Swing Into Great UI Development\u2019","author":"Sands, J.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb45","volume-title":"The Virtual","author":"Shields, R.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb46","volume-title":"\u2018Certification Java Technology\u2019","author":"Sun Microsystems","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb47","volume-title":"\u2018Overview of the Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE)\u2019","author":"Sun Microsystems","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb48","volume-title":"\u2018Learn About Java Technology 2005\u2019","author":"Sun Microsystems","year":"2005"},{"key":"atypb49","volume-title":"Close to the Machine. Technophilia and its Discontents","author":"Ullman, E.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb50","volume-title":"\u2018Perl, the First Postmodern Computer Language\u2019","author":"Wall, L.","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444806061954","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444806061954","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T05:28:52Z","timestamp":1777699732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1461444806061954"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1461444806061954"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444806061954","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-4448","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}}}