{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T18:46:22Z","timestamp":1773859582771,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,1]],"date-time":"2006-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1164931200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Privacy seals were developed to address concerns about online privacy. However, seals are widely misinterpreted by consumers as privacy protection. This research assessed how well privacy policies matched the standards promised by the seal authorities and compared the privacy protection practices of participating and non-participating sites. Privacy policy statements were interpreted as a form of persuasive communication that attempts to minimize the risks of providing personal information while emphasizing the benefits of personal disclosure. There were few differences in the privacy practices between seal authorities: TRUSTe and BBBOnLine participants offered about the same degree of privacy protection assurances and they were equal with regard to the amount or depth of personal information they requested. Notably, unsealed sites offered nearly equal privacy assurances and made fewer personal information requests than the sealed sites. However, seal program participants did provide superior access to information and assurances of data security. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444806069652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,13]],"date-time":"2006-11-13T19:06:49Z","timestamp":1163444809000},"page":"1009-1029","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Your privacy is assured - of being disturbed: websites with and without                 privacy seals"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"LaRose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University, USA"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Rifon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2601(08)60371-8"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"\u2018A Taxonomy for Web Site Privacy Requirements\u2019","author":"Anton, A. I.","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"57","volume":"23","author":"Atkin, C.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Advertising Research"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory","author":"Bandura, A.","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0893318901144009"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"\u2018Surveying the Digital Future: Year Two\u2019","author":"Cole, J. I.","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb8","first-page":"31","volume":"281","author":"Commission of the European Community","year":"1995","journal-title":"Official Journal of the EC"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"\u2018Beyond Concern: Understanding New Users\u2019 Attitudes about Online Privacy\u2019","author":"Cranor, L. F.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"\u2018Georgetown Internet Privacy Policy Survey: Report to the Federal Trade Commission\u2019","author":"Culnan, M. J.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1509\/jppm.19.1.20.16944"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-4560.00067"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Self-Disclosure","author":"Derlega, V. J.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/641205.641209"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"\u2018EFF Analysis of the Provisions of the USA Patriot Act\u2019","author":"Electronic Frontier Foundation","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"\u2018Privacy Online: Fair Information Practices in the Electronic Marketplace: A Report to Congress\u2019","author":"Federal Trade Commission (FTC)","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5914.1984.tb00499.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"atypb18","first-page":"20","volume":"20","author":"Goldman, E.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Computer and Internet Lawyer"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074391569101000111"},{"issue":"1","key":"atypb20","first-page":"35","volume":"11","author":"Han, P.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Marketing Management"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/299157.299175"},{"key":"atypb22","volume-title":"International Communication Association Communication and Technology Division","author":"LaRose, R."},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1977.tb01880.x"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01972243.1994.9960171"},{"issue":"2","key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-8501(01)00182-1","volume":"31","author":"Luo, X.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Industrial Marketing Management"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MARK.0000012471.31858.e5"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1977.tb01879.x"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-4560.00063"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr0903_1"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-4560.00069"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1509\/jppm.19.2.238.17136"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6606.2001.tb00101.x"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6606.2002.tb00419.x"},{"key":"atypb34","volume-title":"\u2018A Nation Online: How Americans Are Expanding Their Use of the Internet\u2019","author":"National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089443930101900103"},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jevp.1997.0049"},{"key":"atypb37","volume-title":"\u2018Privacy Seals Revealed\u2019","author":"Perfectly Private","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb38","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Balancing the Secrets of Private Disclosures","author":"Petronio, S.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/208954"},{"key":"atypb40","volume-title":"\u2018Trust and Privacy Online: Why Americans Want to Rewrite the Rules\u2019","author":"Pew Research Center","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1509\/jppm.19.1.27.16941"},{"key":"atypb42","volume-title":"\u2018Privacy Notices Research Final Results\u2019","author":"Privacy Leadership Initiative","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.1999.10673588"},{"key":"atypb44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1509\/jppm.19.1.62.16949"},{"key":"atypb45","volume-title":"\u2018Privacy Seal Program\u2019","author":"TRUSTe","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb46","volume-title":"\u2018Americans and Online Privacy: The System is Broken\u2019","author":"Turow, J.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb47","volume-title":"Privacy and Freedom","author":"Westin, A. F.","year":"1967"}],"container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444806069652","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444806069652","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T20:20:55Z","timestamp":1740774055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1461444806069652"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1461444806069652"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444806069652","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-4448","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}}}