{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:10:22Z","timestamp":1777939822466,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]],"date-time":"2007-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the relationship among personal network characteristics, gratification-utilities and the frequency of use of three interactive communication technologies (landline telephone, email and instant messaging). A conceptual framework is presented, providing a rationale for three hypotheses predicting positive relationships between personal network characteristics (size, intimacy and physical proximity), gratification-utilities and frequency of use.The participants were 286 college students, whom research shows are primary users of interactive media. Hypotheses 1 and 2, proposing a link between network characteristics and gratification-utilities with frequency of use, were supported, while Hypothesis 3, predicting a link between the prior two variables, was only partially supported. Frequency of use was associated more strongly with network characteristics than with gratification-utilities across the three technologies. Of the network characteristics, network size was significantly associated with gratification-utilities. Directions for future research are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444807081225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,16]],"date-time":"2007-10-16T10:18:58Z","timestamp":1192529938000},"page":"795-810","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["`Extending Society': the role of personal networks and gratification-utilities in the use of interactive communication media"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Dimmick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University, USA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"JR","given":"Artemio","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-Fang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.55.090902.141922"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444804041438"},{"issue":"2","key":"atypb3","first-page":"2","volume":"27","author":"Brown, J.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Media Competition and Coexistence:The Theory of the Niche","author":"Dimmick, J.W.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08838159609364332"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009365000027002005"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Professor Quiz: A Gratification Study","author":"Herzog, H.","year":"1940"},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"Katz, E., J.G. 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