{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T04:34:17Z","timestamp":1780547657198,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,25]],"date-time":"2014-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Research has consistently shown that males play violent video games more frequently than females, but factors underlying this gender gap have not been examined to date. This approach examines the assumption that males play violent video games more because they anticipate more enjoyment and less guilt from engaging in virtual violence than females. This may be because males are less empathetic, tend to morally justify physical violence more and have a greater need for sensation and aggression in video game play than females. Results of a path model based on survey data of 444 respondents and using multi-step multiple mediation analyses confirm these assumptions. Taken together, the findings of this study shed further light on the gender gap in violent video game use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444814533067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,26]],"date-time":"2014-04-26T00:26:20Z","timestamp":1398471980000},"page":"1777-1794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Factors underlying male and female use of violent video games"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Tilo","family":"Hartmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"M\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1425"},{"key":"bibr2-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018251"},{"key":"bibr3-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.8.4.291"},{"key":"bibr4-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(03)00050-3"},{"key":"bibr5-1461444814533067","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Developmental Origins of Aggression","author":"Archer J","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr6-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0305724022014322"},{"key":"bibr7-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.71.2.364"},{"key":"bibr8-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1864-1105.20.3.97"},{"key":"bibr9-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868307301033"},{"key":"bibr10-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224549909598417"},{"key":"bibr11-1461444814533067","first-page":"56","volume":"19","author":"Busching R","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychology of Popular Media Culture"},{"key":"bibr12-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.63.3.452"},{"key":"bibr13-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018856601513"},{"key":"bibr14-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2007.04.028"},{"key":"bibr15-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2010.0076"},{"key":"bibr16-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.32.6.988"},{"key":"bibr17-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000712600161844"},{"key":"bibr18-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-010-0144-8"},{"key":"bibr19-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2011.03.027"},{"key":"bibr20-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.1992.20.1.39"},{"key":"bibr21-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.1996.tb01472.x"},{"key":"bibr22-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2003.10.005"},{"key":"bibr23-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0087738"},{"key":"bibr24-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2012.06.001"},{"key":"bibr25-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195118209.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr26-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532785xmep0103_5"},{"key":"bibr27-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0008957042000332250"},{"key":"bibr28-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532785XMEP0404_02"},{"key":"bibr29-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-20823-2_3"},{"key":"bibr30-1461444814533067","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Media and the Moral Mind","author":"Hartmann T","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr31-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartmann T, Klimmt C (2006a) Gender and computer games: exploring females\u2019 dislikes. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 11(4). Available at: http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/enhanced\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2006.00301.x\/ (accessed 2 April 2014).","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2006.00301.x"},{"key":"bibr32-1461444814533067","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Playing Video Games: Motives, Responses, and Consequences","author":"Hartmann T","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr33-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2009.01459.x"},{"key":"bibr34-1461444814533067","first-page":"339","volume":"14","author":"Hartmann T","year":"2011","journal-title":"Media Psychology"},{"key":"bibr35-1461444814533067","first-page":"434","volume-title":"Sourcebook for Political Communication Research: Methods, Measures, and Analytical techniques","author":"Hayes AF","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr36-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511805851"},{"key":"bibr37-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532785XMEP0702_5"},{"key":"bibr38-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1864-1105.20.3.79"},{"key":"bibr39-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"key":"bibr40-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2885.2005.tb00334.x"},{"key":"bibr41-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-59140-815-4.ch003"},{"key":"bibr42-1461444814533067","volume-title":"Children, Adolescents, and Media Violence: A Critical Look at the Research","author":"Kirsh SJ","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr43-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08934215.2012.721087"},{"key":"bibr44-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2010.07.003"},{"key":"bibr45-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJART.2011.037772"},{"key":"bibr46-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.1999.tb02803.x"},{"key":"bibr47-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532785XMEP0704_5"},{"key":"bibr48-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08838150701626511"},{"key":"bibr49-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2006.9.638"},{"key":"bibr50-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2009.0293"},{"key":"bibr51-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650204267930"},{"key":"bibr52-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195118209.003.0008"},{"key":"bibr53-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470030585.ch9"},{"key":"bibr54-1461444814533067","volume-title":"The State Shame and Guilt Scale","author":"Marschall DE","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr55-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20290"},{"key":"bibr56-1461444814533067","unstructured":"M\u00f6ller I, Krause C, Berger A (2010) Construction and Validation of the Video Game Needs Questionnaire (Unpublished manuscript)."},{"key":"bibr57-1461444814533067","volume-title":"Mplus User\u2019s Guide: Statistical Analysis with Latent Variables","author":"Muth\u00e9n LK","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr58-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.2009.01368.x"},{"key":"bibr59-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X02000018"},{"key":"bibr60-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167208327216"},{"key":"bibr61-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.8.1.114"},{"key":"bibr62-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-6566(03)00067-9"},{"key":"bibr63-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1026\/1617-6383.18.3.119"},{"key":"bibr64-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2008.01.002"},{"key":"bibr65-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2006.02.006"},{"key":"bibr66-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650203258281"},{"key":"bibr67-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223890802484381"},{"key":"bibr68-1461444814533067","first-page":"417","volume-title":"Communication and Emotion: Essays in Honor of Dolf Zillmann","author":"Tamborini R","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr69-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3167\/proj.2013.070108"},{"key":"bibr70-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jesp.1999.1383"},{"key":"bibr71-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08838151.2011.570826"},{"key":"bibr72-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21417"},{"key":"bibr73-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532785XMEP0801_4"},{"key":"bibr74-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2009.01453.x"},{"key":"bibr75-1461444814533067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000276488031003005"},{"key":"bibr76-1461444814533067","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Horror Films: Current Research on Audience Preferences and Reactions","author":"Zillmann D","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr77-1461444814533067","volume-title":"Behavioral Expressions and Biosocial Bases of Sensation Seeking","author":"Zuckerman M","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr78-1461444814533067","first-page":"367","volume-title":"Psychology of Entertainment","author":"Zuckerman M","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444814533067","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1461444814533067","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444814533067","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:42:05Z","timestamp":1777693325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1461444814533067"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,25]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1461444814533067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444814533067","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-4448","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,25]]}}}