{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:19:12Z","timestamp":1777936752078,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]],"date-time":"2014-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article critically interrogates key assumptions in popular web discourse by revisiting an early example of web \u201cparticipation.\u201d Against the claim that Web 2.0 technologies ushered in a new paradigm of participatory media, I turn to the history of HotWired, Wired magazine\u2019s ambitious web-only publication launched in 1994. The case shows how debates about the value of amateur participation vis-\u00e0-vis editorial control have long been fundamental to the imagination of the web\u2019s difference from existing media. It also demonstrates how participation may be conceptualized and designed in ways that extend (rather than oppose) \u201cold media\u201d values like branding and a distinctive editorial voice. In this way, HotWired\u2019s history challenges the technology-centric change narrative underlying Web 2.0 in two ways: first, by revealing historical continuity in place of rupture and, second, by showing that \u201cparticipation\u201d is not a uniform effect of technology, but rather something constructed within specific social, cultural, and economic contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444814555950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,22]],"date-time":"2014-10-22T02:27:16Z","timestamp":1413944836000},"page":"1331-1346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Rethinking the participatory web: A history of HotWired\u2019s \u201cnew publishing paradigm,\u201d 1994\u20131997"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1461444814555950","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Web History","author":"Ankerson MS","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr2-1461444814555950","volume-title":"Whole Earth Catalog","author":"Brand S","year":"1968"},{"key":"bibr3-1461444814555950","volume-title":"Gatewatching: Collaborative Online News Production","author":"Bruns A","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr4-1461444814555950","volume-title":"Control and Freedom: Power and Paranoia in the Age of Fiber Optics","author":"Chun WHK","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr5-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Coile Z (1997) Rewired: HotWired unveils splashy new Web site. SF Gate, 1 July. Available at: http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20040330193558\/http:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/cgi-bin\/article.cgi?file=\/examiner\/archive\/1997\/07\/01\/BUSINESS1240.dtl"},{"key":"bibr6-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Cool J (2008) Communities of innovation: cyborganic and the birth of networked social media. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. Available at: http:\/\/www.cool.org\/portfolio\/PDF\/jcooldissertationFINAL.pdf"},{"key":"bibr7-1461444814555950","author":"Crockford D","year":"1993","journal-title":"The WELL"},{"key":"bibr8-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Dyson E, Gilder G, Keyworth G, (1994) Cyberspace and the American Dream: A Magna Carta for the Knowledge Age. The Progress & Freedom Foundation. Available at: http:\/\/www.pff.org\/issues-pubs\/futureinsights\/fi1.2magnacarta.html"},{"key":"bibr9-1461444814555950","volume-title":"The Internet Imaginaire","author":"Flichy P","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr10-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Frauenfelder M (1997) HotWired 4.0 targets \u201cweb participants.\u201d Wired, 11 July. Available at: http:\/\/archive.wired.com\/culture\/lifestyle\/news\/1997\/07\/4862"},{"key":"bibr11-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Frew J (1997) Design basics. HotWired, 2 July. Available at: http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/19991128184944\/http:\/\/www.hotwired.com\/webmonkey\/97\/05\/index2a.html"},{"key":"bibr12-1461444814555950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444811401735"},{"key":"bibr13-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Grossman L (2006) You\u2014Yes, You\u2014Are TIME\u2019s person of the year. Time, 25 December. Available at: http:\/\/www.time.com\/time\/magazine\/article\/0,9171,1570810,00.html"},{"key":"bibr14-1461444814555950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030631270203200504"},{"key":"bibr15-1461444814555950","unstructured":"HotWired\n                      (1994) HotWired FAQ. Available at: http:\/\/gawker.com\/5017019\/wired-relaunching-hotwired-as-a-social-network"},{"key":"bibr16-1461444814555950","unstructured":"HotWired\n                      (1998) Webmonkey. Available at: http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/19980208183000\/http:\/\/www.hotwired.com\/webmonkey\/frontdoor\/"},{"key":"bibr17-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Kapor M, Barlow JP (1990) Across the Electronic Frontier. Electronic Frontier Foundation. Available at: http:\/\/w2.eff.org\/Misc\/Publications\/John_Perry_Barlow\/?f=across_the_ef.article.txt"},{"key":"bibr18-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Keegan P (1995) The digerati! The New York Times Magazine, 21 May. Available at: http:\/\/www.hist.umn.edu\/shank\/hist3842\/Digerati!.html"},{"key":"bibr19-1461444814555950","volume-title":"The Cult of the Amateur: How Today\u2019s Internet Is Killing Our Culture","author":"Keen A","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr20-1461444814555950","author":"Kelly K","year":"1993","journal-title":"The WELL"},{"key":"bibr21-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Kelly K (2005) We are the web. Wired 13(8). Available at: http:\/\/www.wired.com\/wired\/archive\/13.08\/tech.html"},{"key":"bibr22-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Knauss G (1995) TV by the blind. Suck, 30 October. Available at: http:\/\/www.suck.com\/daily\/95\/10\/30\/"},{"key":"bibr23-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Knowland L (1997) Where are all the GIFs? HotWired. Available at: http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/19970412170500\/http:\/\/www.webmonkey.com\/webmonkey\/demo\/96\/43\/index4a.html"},{"key":"bibr24-1461444814555950","author":"Kreth W","year":"1992","journal-title":"The WELL"},{"key":"bibr25-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Levy S, Stone B (2006) The new wisdom of the web. Newsweek, 3 April. Available at: http:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/id\/45976"},{"key":"bibr26-1461444814555950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226487007.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr27-1461444814555950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-734X.1992.1504_43.x"},{"key":"bibr28-1461444814555950","volume-title":"Understanding Media","author":"McLuhan M","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr29-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Markoff J (1994) The view from cyberspace: the revolution will be digitized. The New York Times, 29 May. Available at: http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1994\/05\/29\/weekinreview\/conversations-louis-rossetto-view-cyberspace-revolution-will-be-digitized.html"},{"key":"bibr30-1461444814555950","volume-title":"To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism","author":"Morozov E","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr31-1461444814555950","unstructured":"O\u2019Reilly T (2005) What is Web 2.0. O\u2019Reilly. Available at: http:\/\/www.oreillynet.com\/pub\/a\/oreilly\/tim\/news\/2005\/09\/30\/what-is-web-20.html"},{"key":"bibr32-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Perelman L (1993) School\u2019s out. Wired 1(1). Available at: http:\/\/archive.wired.com\/wired\/archive\/1.01\/hyperlearning.html"},{"key":"bibr33-1461444814555950","volume-title":"The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier","author":"Rheingold H","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr34-1461444814555950","volume-title":"Say Everything: How Blogging Began, What It\u2019s Becoming, and Why It Matters","author":"Rosenberg S","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr35-1461444814555950","volume":"1","author":"Rossetto L","year":"1993","journal-title":"Wired"},{"key":"bibr36-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Scholz T (2008) Market ideology and the myths of Web 2.0. First Monday 13(3). Available at: http:\/\/firstmonday.org\/ojs\/index.php\/fm\/article\/view\/2138"},{"key":"bibr37-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Sharkey M (2005) The big fish. Keepgoing.org. Available at: http:\/\/www.keepgoing.org\/issue20_giant\/"},{"key":"bibr38-1461444814555950","volume-title":"Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations","author":"Shirky C","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr39-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Steadman C, Anuff E (1995) Indexing for dollars. Suck, 14 November. Available at: http:\/\/www.suck.com\/daily\/95\/11\/14\/"},{"key":"bibr40-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Sterling B (1993) War is virtual hell. Wired 1(1). Available at: http:\/\/archive.wired.com\/wired\/archive\/1.01\/virthell.html"},{"key":"bibr41-1461444814555950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226817439.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr42-1461444814555950","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444809105356"},{"key":"bibr43-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Voorhees J (1994) Lawyers @ Wired. Information Law Alert, 28 October. Available at: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/19980122203239\/http:\/\/www.base.com\/gordoni\/thoughts\/wired\/ila.html"},{"key":"bibr44-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Wired\n                      (1992) Wired (Press Release). 5 October."},{"key":"bibr45-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Wolf G (1995) The Curse of Xanadu. Wired, 3(6). Available at http:\/\/archive.wired.com\/wired\/archive\/3.06\/xanadu.html."},{"key":"bibr46-1461444814555950","volume-title":"Wired: A Romance","author":"Wolf G","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr47-1461444814555950","unstructured":"Wolfe T (1972) The birth of \u201cthe new journalism.\u201d New York Magazine, 14 February. Available at: http:\/\/nymag.com\/news\/media\/47353\/"}],"container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444814555950","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1461444814555950","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444814555950","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:42:43Z","timestamp":1777693363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1461444814555950"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1461444814555950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444814555950","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-4448","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]]}}}