{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T08:43:25Z","timestamp":1778834605464,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]],"date-time":"2016-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article considers how the social-news and community site Reddit.com has become a hub for anti-feminist activism. Examining two recent cases of what are defined as \u201ctoxic technocultures\u201d (#Gamergate and The Fappening), this work describes how Reddit\u2019s design, algorithm, and platform politics implicitly support these kinds of cultures. In particular, this piece focuses on the ways in which Reddit\u2019s karma point system, aggregation of material across subreddits, ease of subreddit and user account creation, governance structure, and policies around offensive content serve to provide fertile ground for anti-feminist and misogynistic activism. The ways in which these events and communities reflect certain problematic aspects of geek masculinity are also considered. This research is informed by the results of a long-term participant-observation and ethnographic study into Reddit\u2019s culture and community and is grounded in actor-network theory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444815608807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,9]],"date-time":"2015-10-09T21:22:47Z","timestamp":1444425767000},"page":"329-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":818,"title":["#Gamergate and The Fappening: How Reddit\u2019s algorithm, governance, and culture support toxic technocultures"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Massanari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1461444815608807","unstructured":"Alfonso FIII (2014a) How Unidan went from being Reddit\u2019s most beloved user to its most disgraced. Available at: http:\/\/www.dailydot.com\/news\/reddit-unidan-shadownban-vote-manipulation-ben-eisenkop\/ (accessed 6 August 2015)."},{"key":"bibr2-1461444815608807","unstructured":"Alfonso FIII (2014b) Meet the Reddit power user who helped bring down r\/technology. Available at: http:\/\/www.dailydot.com\/politics\/reddit-maxwellhill-moderator-technology-flaw\/ (accessed 6 August 2015)."},{"key":"bibr3-1461444815608807","unstructured":"alienth (2014a) Experimental Reddit change: subreddits may now opt-out of \/r\/all. Available at: http:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/changelog\/comments\/2a32sq\/experimental_reddit_change_subreddits_may_now\/ (accessed 6 August 2015)."},{"key":"bibr4-1461444815608807","unstructured":"alienth (2014b) Time to talk. Available at: https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/announcements\/comments\/2fpdax\/time_to_talk\/ (accessed 6 August 2015)."},{"key":"bibr5-1461444815608807","unstructured":"A Man In Black (2014) How imageboard culture shaped Gamergate. 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Available at: http:\/\/www.slate.com\/articles\/technology\/technology\/2014\/10\/reddit_scandals_does_the_site_have_a_transparency_problem.html (accessed 6 August 2015)."},{"key":"bibr8-1461444815608807","first-page":"50","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ICWSM 2011","author":"Bernstein MS","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr9-1461444815608807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511812507"},{"key":"bibr10-1461444815608807","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Networked Self: Identity, Community, and Culture on Social Network Sites","author":"boyd d","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr11-1461444815608807","volume-title":"Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and Beyond: From Production to Produsage","author":"Bruns A","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr12-1461444815608807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444812440159"},{"key":"bibr13-1461444815608807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674735613"},{"key":"bibr14-1461444815608807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400845293"},{"key":"bibr15-1461444815608807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243205278639"},{"key":"bibr16-1461444815608807","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444814543163."},{"key":"bibr17-1461444815608807","unstructured":"cupcake1713 (2014) Latest Zoe Quinn drama explodes. 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