{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:19:51Z","timestamp":1777936791428,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,2]],"date-time":"2015-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446422400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The notion of authorship is a core element in antipiracy campaigns accompanying an emerging copyright regime, worldwide. These campaigns are built on discourses that aim to \u2018problematize\u2019 the issues of \u2018legality\u2019 of content downloading practices, \u2018protection\u2019 for content creators and the alleged damage caused to creators\u2019 livelihood by piracy. Under these tensions, fandom both subverts such discourses, through sharing and production practices, and legitimizes industry\u2019s mythology of an \u2018original\u2019 author. However, how is the notion of authorship constructed in the cooperative spaces of fandom? The article explores the most popular fandom sites of A Song of Ice and Fire, the book series that inspires the TV-show Game of Thrones and argues that the notion of authorship is not one-dimensional, but rather consists of attributes that develop across three processes: community building, the creative and the industrial\/production process. Here, fandom constructs a figure of the \u2018author\u2019 which, although more complex than the one presented by the industry in its copyright\/anti-piracy campaigns, maintains the status quo of regulatory frameworks based on the idea of a \u2018primary\u2019 creator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444815612446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,2]],"date-time":"2015-11-02T21:13:24Z","timestamp":1446498804000},"page":"542-559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Defining authorship in user-generated content: Copyright struggles in\n                    <i>The Game of Thrones<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Katharine","family":"Sarikakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Krug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vienna, Austria"}]},{"given":"Joan Ramon","family":"Rodriguez-Amat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheffield Hallam University, UK"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1461444815612446","unstructured":"Adalian J, Bernardin M, Buchanan K, (2012) The 25 most devoted fan bases. 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