{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T17:45:45Z","timestamp":1778694345123,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]],"date-time":"2016-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Research into reasons for Internet non-use has been mostly based on one-off cohort studies and focused on single-country contexts. This article shows that motivations for being offline changed between 2005 and 2013 among non- and ex-users in two high-diffusion European countries. Analyses of Swedish and British data demonstrate that non-user populations have become more concentrated in vulnerable groups. While traditional digital divide reasons related to a lack of access and skills remain important, motivational reasons increased in importance over time. The ways in which these reasons gain importance for non- and ex-user groups vary, as do explanations for digital exclusion in the different countries. Effective interventions aimed at tackling digital exclusion need to take into consideration national contexts, changing non-user characteristics, and individual experience with the Internet. What worked a decade ago in a particular country might not work currently in a different or even the same country.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444816634676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]],"date-time":"2016-03-03T21:59:22Z","timestamp":1457042362000},"page":"1253-1270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":241,"title":["The emergence of a \u201cdigital underclass\u201d in Great Britain and Sweden: Changing reasons for digital exclusion"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ellen J","family":"Helsper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Economics and Political Science, UK"}]},{"given":"Bianca C","family":"Reisdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1461444816634676","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446215616","volume-title":"Internet Society: The Internet in Everyday Life","author":"Bakardjeva M","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr2-1461444816634676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2010.11.004"},{"key":"bibr3-1461444816634676","volume-title":"Cultures of the Internet: The Internet in Britain","author":"Dutton WH","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr4-1461444816634676","volume-title":"Digital Agenda for Europe","author":"European Commission","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr5-1461444816634676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444810374789"},{"key":"bibr6-1461444816634676","volume-title":"Swedes and the Internet 2013","author":"Findahl O","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr7-1461444816634676","volume-title":"Mod\u00e4rna Tider","author":"Frykman J","year":"1985"},{"key":"bibr8-1461444816634676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439308321628"},{"key":"bibr9-1461444816634676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444800002004001"},{"key":"bibr10-1461444816634676","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hargittai E (2002) Second-level digital divide: differences in people\u2019s online skills. 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