{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:20:21Z","timestamp":1777936821947,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]],"date-time":"2016-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article identifies a gap in extant literature on women who wear the niqab and their representations in \u2018traditional\u2019 media: there are few academic sources that draw from these women\u2019s own narratives. In order to address this gap, this article highlights niqabis\u2019 self-representations in the form of photographic self-portraits published in new media and demonstrates a variety of positive ways in which these self-portraits are received by the audiences. The article is based on a case study of a profile of a prolific author who posts and discusses her work on a popular photo-sharing website. It throws light on contextualised and relational interpretations of the niqab and its meaning and at the same time challenges a common perception that non-Muslim audiences are uniformly critical of women who wear the niqab. Data analysis of the data so far indicates that women who wear the niqab exercise their agency by making visual references to the everyday and successfully establish dialogue and intimacy with their audiences. It is suggested that new media settings are particularly important in researching \u2018niqab experiences\u2019, as they foster a variety of relevant data types and narratives driven by participants, rather than researchers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444816649919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]],"date-time":"2016-06-15T08:43:54Z","timestamp":1465980234000},"page":"67-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["How do Muslim women who wear the niqab interact with others online? A case study of a profile on a photo-sharing website"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Piela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Trinity University, UK"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1461444816649919","unstructured":"Al-Faifi S (2013) I wear the niqab, let me speak on my own behalf. The Independent, 18 September. Available at: http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/voices\/comment\/i-wear-the-niqab-let-me-speak-on-my-own-behalf-8824243.html (accessed October 2014)."},{"key":"bibr2-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-6091-743-1_11"},{"key":"bibr3-1461444816649919","first-page":"45","volume-title":"New Media in the Muslim World: The Emerging Public Sphere","author":"Anderson J","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr4-1461444816649919","volume-title":"The Dialogic Imagination","author":"Bakhtin M","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr5-1461444816649919","unstructured":"Bargetz B (2009) The politics of the everyday: a feminist revision of the public\/private frame. In: Papkova I (ed.) Reconciling the Irreconcilable (vol. 24). Vienna: IWM Junior Visiting Fellows\u2019 Conferences. Available at: http:\/\/www.iwm.at\/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=130&Itemid=125 (accessed October 2014)."},{"key":"bibr6-1461444816649919","volume-title":"The Fashion System","author":"Barthes R","year":"1983"},{"key":"bibr7-1461444816649919","unstructured":"BBC (2006) \u2018Remove full veils\u2019 urges Straw. Available at: http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/5411954.stm (accessed October 2014)."},{"key":"bibr8-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02703149.2014.850347"},{"key":"bibr9-1461444816649919","unstructured":"Bouteldja N (2011) Unveiling the Truth: Why 32 Muslim Women Wear the Full-Face Veil in France. New York: Open Society Foundation. Available at: http:\/\/www.refworld.org\/pdfid\/4dabda402.pdf (accessed October 2014)."},{"key":"bibr10-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107415591.006"},{"key":"bibr11-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x"},{"key":"bibr12-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107415591"},{"key":"bibr13-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412984270.n1"},{"key":"bibr14-1461444816649919","unstructured":"Bullock K, Jaffri GJ (2000) Media (Mis) Representations: Muslim women in the Canadian Nation. Available at: http:\/\/pi.library.yorku.ca\/ojs\/index.php\/cws\/article\/viewFile\/7607\/6738 (accessed October 2014)."},{"key":"bibr15-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203695371"},{"key":"bibr16-1461444816649919","unstructured":"Clarke L (2013) Women in Niqab Speak: A Study of the Niqab in Canada. Gananoque, ON, Canada: Canadian Council of Muslim Women. Available at: http:\/\/ccmw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/WEB_EN_WiNiqab_FINAL.pdf (accessed October 2014)."},{"key":"bibr17-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444803005002003"},{"key":"bibr18-1461444816649919","unstructured":"Dugan E (2013) Why it is so important for us to wear the veil. The Independent, 18 September. Available at: http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/uk\/home-news\/why-it-is-so-important-for-us-to-wear-the-veil-8822770.html (accessed October 2014)."},{"key":"bibr19-1461444816649919","first-page":"1","volume-title":"New Media in the Muslim World: The Emerging Pubic Sphere","author":"Eickelman D","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr20-1461444816649919","unstructured":"Elgot J (2013) Muslim women who wear face veil speak out over Niqab ban debate. The Huffington Post, 16 September. Available at: http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.co.uk\/2013\/09\/16\/niqab-muslim-viel_n_3933639.html (accessed October 2014)."},{"key":"bibr21-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203697078"},{"key":"bibr22-1461444816649919","volume-title":"The Burqa Affair Across Europe: Between Public and Private Space","author":"Ferrari A","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr23-1461444816649919","volume-title":"Presentation of Self in Everyday Life","author":"Goffman E","year":"1959"},{"key":"bibr24-1461444816649919","volume-title":"Learning Cultures in Online Education","author":"Goodfellow R","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr25-1461444816649919","first-page":"421","volume-title":"Habermas and the Public Sphere","author":"Habermas J","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr26-1461444816649919","volume-title":"Inclusion of the Other: Studies in Political Theory","author":"Habermas J","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr27-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01972240290108195"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr28-1461444816649919","first-page":"87","volume":"39","author":"Hebbani A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Communication"},{"key":"bibr29-1461444816649919","unstructured":"Heffner M (2012) Dressing their best: independent fashion bloggers and the complexities of ethos. Master Thesis, Georgia State University, Paper 128. Available at: http:\/\/digitalarchive.gsu.edu\/english_theses\/128\/ (accessed October 2014)."},{"key":"bibr30-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14680777.2012.741860"},{"key":"bibr31-1461444816649919","unstructured":"Iqbal N (2010) Beyond the veil: London\u2019s Burka wearers go on the defensive. London Evening Standard, 5 November. Available at: http:\/\/www.standard.co.uk\/lifestyle\/beyond-the-veil-londons-burka-wearers-go-on-the-defensive-6532864.html (accessed October 2014)."},{"key":"bibr32-1461444816649919","volume-title":"The Popular & the Canonical: Debating Twentieth-century Literature 1940\u20132000","author":"Johnson D","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr33-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9780748643738"},{"key":"bibr34-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306396808096394"},{"key":"bibr35-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306396810377003"},{"key":"bibr36-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sp\/jxn021"},{"key":"bibr37-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1350\/jcla.2013.77.6.870"},{"key":"bibr38-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-2230.12059"},{"key":"bibr39-1461444816649919","volume-title":"Qualitative Researching","author":"Mason J","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr40-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-954X.2009.01877.x"},{"key":"bibr41-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674061149"},{"key":"bibr42-1461444816649919","first-page":"1727","volume":"85","author":"Murray BM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Notre Dame Law Review"},{"key":"bibr43-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1367877912474534"},{"key":"bibr44-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0956618X13000471"},{"key":"bibr45-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01419870.2014.887744"},{"key":"bibr46-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14614440222226244"},{"key":"bibr47-1461444816649919","volume-title":"A Private Sphere: Democracy in a Digital Age","author":"Papacharissi Z","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr48-1461444816649919","unstructured":"Pidd H (2010) Niqab-ban Tory MP told he is breaking the law. The Guardian, 25 July. Available at: http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/global\/2010\/jul\/25\/niqab-ban-mp-philip-hollobone (accessed October 2014)."},{"key":"bibr49-1461444816649919","volume-title":"Muslim Women Online: Faith and Identity in Virtual Space","author":"Piela A","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr50-1461444816649919","unstructured":"Piela A (2014) Representations of niqabis in the British mass media. Public Spirit. Epub ahead of print 22 January. Available at: http:\/\/www.publicspirit.org.uk\/niqabis-in-the-british-mass-media\/ (accessed October 2014)."},{"key":"bibr51-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781849209144"},{"key":"bibr52-1461444816649919","unstructured":"Schwartzbaum A (2011) The Niqab in the courtroom: Protecting free exercise of religion in a post-smith world. University of Pennsylvania Law Review 159(5): 1534\u20131575. Available at: http:\/\/works.bepress.com\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=adam_schwartzbaum (accessed October 2014)."},{"key":"bibr53-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1367877909348538"},{"key":"bibr54-1461444816649919","unstructured":"Tarlo E (2007) Hidden features of the face veil controversy. ISIM Review 19(1): 24\u201325. Available at: https:\/\/openaccess.leidenuniv.nl\/bitstream\/handle\/1887\/17112\/ISIM_19_Hidden_Features_of_the_Face_Veil_Controversy.pdf?sequence=1 (accessed October 2014)."},{"key":"bibr55-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2752\/9781847888624"},{"key":"bibr56-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/08992363-2010-014"},{"key":"bibr57-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0263276407075001"},{"key":"bibr58-1461444816649919","unstructured":"Waterhouse R (2010) Universities must take action on Muslim extremism. The Independent, 18 March. Available at: http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/education\/higher\/rosie-waterhouse-universities-musttake-action-on-muslim-extremism-1922730.html (accessed October 2014)."},{"key":"bibr59-1461444816649919","unstructured":"YouGov UK (2013) Most still want to ban the burka in Britain. Available at: https:\/\/yougov.co.uk\/news\/2013\/09\/18\/most-still-want-ban-burka-britain\/ (accessed October 2014)."},{"key":"bibr60-1461444816649919","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137356154"}],"container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444816649919","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1461444816649919","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444816649919","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:44:45Z","timestamp":1777693485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1461444816649919"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1461444816649919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444816649919","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-4448","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]]}}}