{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T17:44:29Z","timestamp":1775065469706,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]],"date-time":"2016-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469664000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The results of the elections to the European Parliament of 25 May 2014 marked a before and an after for Spanish politics. This influential European campaign took place at a moment when Internet use was well established as a tool, with political parties and candidates actively using social media. This article aims to research whether Spanish parties are using Twitter to develop interactive communication, or simply for broadcasting messages. Thus, the Twitter activity of various political parties during the 2014 European campaign is content-analysed. Results indicate that activity seems to depend on ideology, that parties are revealed to be committed to unidirectional communication\/broadcasting, and that debate on Twitter is fundamentally between the politicians themselves. On a theoretical level, our data are in line with the idea that the normalisation hypothesis tends to prevail. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444816660730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,29]],"date-time":"2016-07-29T01:58:21Z","timestamp":1469757501000},"page":"122-140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["\u2018Follow the closing of the campaign on streaming\u2019: The use of Twitter by Spanish political parties during the 2014 European elections"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Marina","family":"Ramos-Serrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Sevilla, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jorge David","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Sevilla, Spain"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Pineda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Sevilla, Spain"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bibr1-1461444816660730","first-page":"129","volume":"5","author":"Abej\u00f3n P","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anuario Electr\u00f3nico de Estudios en Comunicaci\u00f3n Social Disertaciones"},{"key":"bibr2-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2014.282"},{"key":"bibr3-1461444816660730","first-page":"147","volume-title":"Campaigning for President 2008","author":"Barko Germany J","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr4-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439313490405"},{"key":"bibr5-1461444816660730","volume-title":"Comunicaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica. Una gu\u00eda para su estudio y pr\u00e1ctica","author":"Canel MJ","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr6-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-322-89613-1"},{"key":"bibr7-1461444816660730","volume-title":"Communication Power","author":"Castells M","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr8-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6035\/2174-0992.2013.6.4"},{"key":"bibr9-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2013.783609"},{"key":"bibr10-1461444816660730","unstructured":"Civieta \u00d3F (2015) \u00bfExiste realmente una \u2018nueva pol\u00edtica\u2019? eldiario.es, 11 October. Available at: http:\/\/www.eldiario.es\/aragon\/politica\/Existe-realmente-nueva-politica_0_439906242.html (accessed 5 April 2016)."},{"key":"bibr11-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5565\/rev\/redes.529"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr12-1461444816660730","first-page":"93","volume":"12","author":"Criado JI","year":"2013","journal-title":"RIPS: Revista de Investigaciones Pol\u00edticas y Sociol\u00f3gicas"},{"key":"bibr13-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10584600590933160"},{"key":"bibr14-1461444816660730","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Routledge Handbook of Internet Politics","author":"Davis R","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr15-1461444816660730","first-page":"107","volume":"6","author":"De Landtsheer Ch","year":"2001","journal-title":"CIC: Cuadernos de informaci\u00f3n y comunicaci\u00f3n"},{"key":"bibr16-1461444816660730","unstructured":"EFE (2015) VOX elige a la candidata m\u00e1s joven de Espa\u00f1a para Cuenca. El Mundo, 21 February. Available at: http:\/\/www.elmundo.es\/espana\/2015\/02\/21\/54e8f644ca474101058b4576.html (accessed 11 May 2016)."},{"key":"bibr17-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2013.784795"},{"key":"bibr18-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2013.782330"},{"key":"bibr19-1461444816660730","unstructured":"Europa Press (2015) UPyD quiere recuperar durante la campa\u00f1a la cercan\u00eda con la gente, eclipsada por su labor judicial e institucional, 1 March. Available at: http:\/\/www.europapress.es\/nacional\/noticia-upyd-quiere-recuperar-campana-cercania-gente-eclipsada-labor-judicial-institucional-20150301122843.html (accessed 10\/05\/2016)."},{"key":"bibr20-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444814530097"},{"key":"bibr21-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franco Buend\u00eda D (2014) De lectores a creadores de discurso pol\u00edtico. Participaci\u00f3n ciudadana en Twitter en las campa\u00f1as electorales del PSC-PSOE (2010-2012) (\u00c1mbitos 26). Available at: http:\/\/ambitoscomunicacion.com\/2014\/de-lectores-a-creadores-de-discurso-politico-participacion-ciudadana-en-twitter-en-las-campanas-electorales-del-psc-psoe-2010-2012\/ (accessed 29 October 2015).","DOI":"10.12795\/Ambitos.2014.i26.02"},{"key":"bibr22-1461444816660730","first-page":"2540","volume":"8","author":"Garc\u00eda-Jim\u00e9nez L","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication"},{"key":"bibr23-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.5209\/rev_HICS.2014.v19.45029","volume":"19","author":"Garc\u00eda Ortega C","year":"2014","journal-title":"Historia y Comunicaci\u00f3n Social"},{"key":"bibr24-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-04352-4_4"},{"key":"bibr25-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.21344"},{"key":"bibr26-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2013.785581"},{"key":"bibr27-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10361146.2010.517176"},{"key":"bibr28-1461444816660730","first-page":"116","volume-title":"Electronic Democracy","author":"Greer JD","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr29-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439307305636"},{"key":"bibr30-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-04352-4_5"},{"key":"bibr31-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-59702015000500003"},{"key":"bibr32-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2013.782329"},{"key":"bibr33-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444814522952"},{"key":"bibr34-1461444816660730","volume-title":"Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology","author":"Krippendorff K","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr35-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19331681.2012.719727"},{"key":"bibr36-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444811422894"},{"key":"bibr37-1461444816660730","volume-title":"Virtual Ethnicity: Race, Resistance and the World Wide Web","author":"Leung L","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr38-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2011.592648"},{"key":"bibr39-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1081180X9900400403"},{"key":"bibr40-1461444816660730","unstructured":"Ministerio del Interior (2014) Total estatal (Elecciones al Parlamento Europeo 2014 website). Available at: http:\/\/elecciones.mir.es\/resultados2014\/99PE\/DPE99999TO.htm (accessed 7 January 2016)."},{"key":"bibr41-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444813505364"},{"key":"bibr42-1461444816660730","volume-title":"Political Campaign Communication: Inside and Out","author":"Powell L","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr43-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0267323105055261"},{"key":"bibr44-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0267323108096994"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr45-1461444816660730","first-page":"195","volume":"7","author":"Serfaty V","year":"2012","journal-title":"Revista Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o Midi\u00e1tica"},{"key":"bibr46-1461444816660730","volume-title":"The Internet and Society","author":"Slevin J","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr47-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2011.554572"},{"key":"bibr48-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02865.x"},{"key":"bibr49-1461444816660730","unstructured":"The Economist (2015) Few of the social-media stars among Europe\u2019s politicians are centrists. The Economist, 21 November. Available at: http:\/\/goo.gl\/PA5Ne1 (accessed 9 May 2016)."},{"key":"bibr50-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15377857.2012.642748"},{"key":"bibr51-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14616690701412871"},{"key":"bibr52-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcc4.12023"},{"key":"bibr53-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068811407580"},{"key":"bibr54-1461444816660730","volume-title":"The 2007 annual meeting of the American political science association","author":"Williams CB","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr55-1461444816660730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zugasti Azagra R, P\u00e9rez Gonz\u00e1lez J (2015) La interacci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica en Twitter: el caso de @ppopular y @ahorapodemos durante la campa\u00f1a para las Elecciones Europeas de 2014 (\u00c1mbitos 28). Available at: http:\/\/ambitoscomunicacion.com\/2015\/la-interaccion-politica-en-twitter-el-caso-de-ppopular-y-ahorapodemos-durante-la-campana-para-las-elecciones-europeas-de-2014\/ (accessed 21 December 2015).","DOI":"10.12795\/Ambitos.2015.i28.07"}],"container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444816660730","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1461444816660730","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444816660730","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T05:14:04Z","timestamp":1740806044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1461444816660730"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1461444816660730"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444816660730","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-4448","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]]}}}