{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:20:27Z","timestamp":1777936827560,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]],"date-time":"2016-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470700800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This research was motivated by an interest in understanding how social media are applied in teaching in higher education. Data were collected using an online questionnaire, completed by 333 instructors in higher education, that asked about general social media use and specific use in teaching. Education and learning theories suggest three potential reasons for instructors to use social media in their teaching: (1) exposing students to practices, (2) extending the range of the learning environment, and (3) promoting learning through social interaction and collaboration. Answers to open-ended questions about how social media were used in teaching, and results of a factor analysis of coded results, revealed six distinct factors that align with these reasons for use: (1) facilitating student engagement, (2) instructor\u2019s organization for teaching, (3) engagement with outside resources, (4) enhancing student attention to content, (5) building communities of practice, and (6) resource discovery. These factors accord with a Uses and Gratifications perspective that depicts adopters as active media users choosing and shaping media use to meet their own needs. Results provide a more comprehensive picture of social media use than found in previous work, encompassing not only the array of media used but also the range of purposes associated with use of social media in contemporary teaching initiatives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444816662933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]],"date-time":"2016-08-09T21:43:05Z","timestamp":1470778985000},"page":"475-494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Uses and Gratifications factors for social media use in teaching: Instructors\u2019 perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Anatoliy","family":"Gruzd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ryerson University, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Haythornthwaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syracuse University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Drew","family":"Paulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc Esteve","family":"del Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ryerson University, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.1"},{"key":"bibr2-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2011.12.022"},{"key":"bibr3-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2011.04.003"},{"key":"bibr4-1461444816662933","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Ubiquitous Learning","author":"Bruce BC","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr5-1461444816662933","volume-title":"Collaborative Learning: Higher Education, Interdependence, and the Authority of Knowledge","author":"Bruffee KA","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr6-1461444816662933","unstructured":"Dahlstrom E, Walker JD, Dziuban C (2013) Educause centre for analytics and research (ECAR) study of undergraduate students and information technology, 2013. Available at: http:\/\/www.educause.edu\/library\/resources\/ecar-study-undergraduate-students-and-information-technology-2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr7-1461444816662933","first-page":"9","volume":"29","author":"Davis JL","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Faculty Development"},{"key":"bibr8-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2010.09.005"},{"key":"bibr9-1461444816662933","volume-title":"Democracy and Education: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education","author":"Dewey J","year":"1930"},{"key":"bibr10-1461444816662933","unstructured":"Downes S (2012) Connectivism and connective knowledge: essays on meaning and learning networks. Available at: http:\/\/www.downes.ca\/files\/books\/Connective_Knowledge-19May2012.pdf"},{"key":"bibr11-1461444816662933","volume-title":"Discovering Statistics Using SPSS: Third Edition","author":"Field A","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr12-1461444816662933","volume-title":"Creating and Sustaining Online Professional Learning Communities","author":"Falk JK","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr13-1461444816662933","first-page":"23","volume":"29","author":"Gammon MA","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Faculty Development"},{"key":"bibr14-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203166093"},{"key":"bibr15-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2013.614"},{"key":"bibr16-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2796"},{"key":"bibr17-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511606373.011"},{"key":"bibr18-1461444816662933","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Oxford Handbook of Internet Psychology","author":"Haythornthwaite C","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr19-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446288566"},{"key":"bibr20-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781473955011.n13"},{"key":"bibr21-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13562517.2010.507307"},{"key":"bibr22-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2015.04.015"},{"key":"bibr23-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-01934-5"},{"key":"bibr24-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2010.00387.x"},{"key":"bibr25-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/268109"},{"key":"bibr26-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781848607859.n14"},{"key":"bibr27-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11412-011-9115-y"},{"key":"bibr28-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1386\/adch.13.2.175_1"},{"key":"bibr29-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511815355"},{"key":"bibr30-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203854754"},{"key":"bibr31-1461444816662933","unstructured":"Lupton D (2014) \u201cFeeling better connected\u201d: academics\u2019 use of social media. Available at: http:\/\/www.canberra.edu.au\/about-uc\/faculties\/arts-design\/attachments2\/pdf\/n-and-mrc\/Feeling-Better-Connected-report-final.pdf"},{"key":"bibr32-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12007"},{"key":"bibr33-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2015.12.004"},{"key":"bibr34-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781848607859.n11"},{"key":"bibr35-1461444816662933","first-page":"137","volume-title":"An Integrated Approach to Communication Theory and Research","author":"Papacharissi Z","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr36-1461444816662933","unstructured":"Perrin A (2015) Social media usage: 2005\u20132015. Available at: http:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/2015\/10\/08\/social-netwrking-usage-2005-2015"},{"key":"bibr37-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951715589417"},{"key":"bibr38-1461444816662933","unstructured":"Seaman J, Tinti-Kane H (2013) Social media for teaching and learning. Available at: http:\/\/www.pearsonlearningsolutions.com\/higher-education\/social-media-survey.php"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr39-1461444816662933","first-page":"125","volume":"1","author":"Senges M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Paradigms"},{"key":"bibr40-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/10662240910927795"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr41-1461444816662933","first-page":"3","volume":"2","author":"Siemens G","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning"},{"key":"bibr42-1461444816662933","volume-title":"Faculty leadership behaviors and the adoption of social media","author":"Smith D.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr43-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08838151.2013.845827"},{"key":"bibr44-1461444816662933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-012-9284-z"},{"key":"bibr45-1461444816662933","volume-title":"Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes","author":"Vygotsky L","year":"1978"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr46-1461444816662933","first-page":"1","volume":"37","author":"Waldeck JH","year":"2011","journal-title":"Learning, Media and Technology"}],"container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444816662933","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1461444816662933","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444816662933","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:45:04Z","timestamp":1777693504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1461444816662933"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1461444816662933"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444816662933","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.32920\/14639559.v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.32920\/14639559","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-4448","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]]}}}