{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T13:10:54Z","timestamp":1773234654737,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]],"date-time":"2016-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471305600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> How do the aesthetic attributes of digital interfaces affect users\u2019 ability to respond morally to the witnessing of suffering? Focusing on mainstream Graphical User Interfaces (GUI), this article proposes a phenomenology of user experience centred on the moral obligations of attending to, engaging with and acting upon digitized Holocaust survivor testimonies. The GUI, it argues, produces a regimen of eye\u2013hand\u2013screen relations that oscillates between \u2018operative\u2019 and \u2018hermeneutic\u2019 modes of embodied attention, creating a default condition of bodily restlessness that threatens prolonged, empathetic encounters with depicted others. Nevertheless, interface attributes of real-time screen interaction, haptic sensuousness and user-indexicality enable moral engagement with the witness-survivor, while translating information-sharing into the moral action of co-witnessing. These attributes enable an \u2018ethics of kinaesthetics\u2019 that converts sensorimotor responsiveness into moral responsibility. Digital interfaces have established a historically novel situation, where moral response to distant suffering depends on the smallest movements of our fingers and eyes. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444816663480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,17]],"date-time":"2016-08-17T01:29:48Z","timestamp":1471397388000},"page":"351-368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The mouse, the screen and the Holocaust witness: Interface aesthetics and moral response"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Frosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444813489863"},{"key":"bibr2-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444811419636"},{"key":"bibr3-1461444816663480","volume-title":"Remediation: Understanding New Media","author":"Bolter JD","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr4-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0263276409103123"},{"key":"bibr5-1461444816663480","volume-title":"The World Viewed: Reflections on the Ontology of Film","author":"Cavell S","year":"1979"},{"key":"bibr6-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446220658"},{"key":"bibr7-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262015424.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr8-1461444816663480","volume-title":"Suspensions of Perception: Attention, Spectacle and Modern Culture","author":"Crary J","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr9-1461444816663480","unstructured":"Crogan P, Kinsley S (2012) Paying attention: towards a critique of the attention economy. Culture Machine 13. Available at: http:\/\/www.culturemachine.net\/index.php\/cm\/article\/viewArticle\/463."},{"key":"bibr10-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/10407391-2006-025"},{"key":"bibr11-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7221.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr12-1461444816663480","first-page":"63","volume-title":"The Future of the Book","author":"Duguid P","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr13-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5040\/9780755604784"},{"key":"bibr14-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5117\/NECSUS2013.2.ENGE"},{"key":"bibr15-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781405165518.wbeosm155"},{"key":"bibr16-1461444816663480","volume-title":"Testimony: Crises of Witnessing in Literature, Psychoanalysis and History","author":"Felman S","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr17-1461444816663480","volume-title":"The Virtual Window: From Alberti to Microsoft","author":"Friedberg A","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr18-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1367877911403248"},{"key":"bibr19-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230235762_1"},{"key":"bibr20-1461444816663480","unstructured":"Gladwell M (2010) Small change: why the revolution will not be tweeted. The New Yorker. Available at: http:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2010\/10\/04\/small-change-malcolm-gladwell"},{"key":"bibr21-1461444816663480","volume-title":"The Longest Shadow: In the Aftermath of the Holocaust","author":"Hartman G","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr22-1461444816663480","first-page":"111","volume-title":"Visual Culture and the Holocaust","author":"Hartman G","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr23-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1632\/prof.2007.2007.1.187"},{"key":"bibr24-1461444816663480","unstructured":"Hirsch M (2003) I took pictures: September 2001 and beyond. In: Greenberg J (ed) Trauma at Home: After 9\/11. Lincoln, NE and London: University of Nebraska Press, pp.69\u201386."},{"key":"bibr25-1461444816663480","volume-title":"Distracted: The Erosion of Attention and the Coming Dark Age","author":"Jackson M","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr26-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1750698014542389"},{"key":"bibr27-1461444816663480","unstructured":"Katz L (2013) Holograms of Holocaust survivors let crucial stories live on. CNET. Available at: http:\/\/www.cnet.com\/news\/holograms-of-holocaust-survivors-let-crucial-stories-live-on (accessed 27 April 2015)."},{"key":"bibr28-1461444816663480","volume-title":"Mechanisms: New Media and the Forensic Imagination","author":"Kirschenbaum MG","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr29-1461444816663480","volume-title":"Gramophone, Film, Typewriter","author":"Kittler FA","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr30-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/mln.2003.0059"},{"key":"bibr31-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444816649921"},{"key":"bibr32-1461444816663480","first-page":"459","volume-title":"The Processes and Effects of Mass Communication","author":"Lazarsfeld P","year":"1971"},{"key":"bibr33-1461444816663480","volume-title":"The Drowned and the Saved","author":"Levi P","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr34-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/8947.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr35-1461444816663480","first-page":"458","volume-title":"A Visual Culture Reader","author":"McPherson T","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr36-1461444816663480","volume-title":"The Language of New Media","author":"Manovich L","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr37-1461444816663480","first-page":"278","volume-title":"Moving Data: The iPhone and the Future of Media","author":"Manovich L","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr38-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674040595"},{"key":"bibr39-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/screen\/39.4.331"},{"key":"bibr40-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305115603385"},{"key":"bibr41-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674054387"},{"key":"bibr42-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226922638.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr43-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016344301023006002"},{"key":"bibr44-1461444816663480","volume-title":"By Way of Interruption: Levinas and the Ethics of Communication","author":"Pinchevski A","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr45-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/668053"},{"key":"bibr46-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pold S (2005) Interface realisms: the interface as aesthetic form. Postmodern Culture 15(2). Available at: https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/article\/181585.","DOI":"10.1353\/pmc.2005.0013"},{"key":"bibr47-1461444816663480","volume-title":"History Unlimited: Probing the Ethics of Holocaust Culture","author":"Presner T"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr48-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1017\/S1930297500000061","volume":"2","author":"Slovic P","year":"2007","journal-title":"Judgment and Decision Making"},{"key":"bibr49-1461444816663480","unstructured":"Stone L (2015) Continuous partial attention. Available at: http:\/\/lindastone.net\/qa\/continuous-partial-attention\/ (accessed 2 August 2015)."},{"key":"bibr50-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0163443711422460"},{"key":"bibr51-1461444816663480","volume-title":"Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet","author":"Turkle S","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr52-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9789048515264"},{"key":"bibr53-1461444816663480","volume-title":"Remembering to Forget: Holocaust Memory through the Camera\u2019s Eye","author":"Zelizer B","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr54-1461444816663480","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07393180701694614"}],"container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444816663480","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1461444816663480","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444816663480","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T23:04:21Z","timestamp":1740783861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1461444816663480"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1461444816663480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444816663480","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-4448","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]]}}}