{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T12:51:25Z","timestamp":1744807885190,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,31]],"date-time":"2017-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The essay argues that a proper ethical foundation for the political processes underlying liberal democracy is unattainable in a globalized society made possible through networked computers \u2013 and the transformed relationship with temporality that is generated by them. The essay brings together the computer ethics of Norbert Wiener and the temporal ethics of Hans Jonas to show that both original visions for a better world are unrealizable in the unanticipated context of what is termed \u2018network time\u2019. The essay argues further that to develop an ethical basis for liberal democracy, digital logic and its effects must be contrasted with that which they ceaselessly colonize and marginalize today: an irreducibly analogue world, with analogue politics, analogue technologies and analogue humans who conceived and developed liberal democracy as a cornerstone of the project of Enlightenment. Through contrast and critique, the essay reveals the difficulty for any ethico-political project within the digital and argues that the present post-modern relationship with computing, in which \u2018market forces\u2019 determine technological forms and applications, is socially destructive and must be brought under a new aegis of democratic and common responsibility. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444817726331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T05:27:53Z","timestamp":1504243673000},"page":"2534-2549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Digital, ethical, political: Network time and common responsibility"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Melbourne, Australia"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1461444817726331","unstructured":"Adam D (2009) US planning to weaken climate deal, Europe warns. The Guardian Online, 15 September. Available at: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2009\/sep\/15\/europe-us-copenhagen"},{"key":"bibr2-1461444817726331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012442710-5.50149-0"},{"key":"bibr3-1461444817726331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv14gpj55"},{"key":"bibr4-1461444817726331","volume-title":"The Rise of the Network Society: the Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture","volume":"1","author":"Castells M","year":"1996"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr5-1461444817726331","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"Deuze M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Digital Humanities Quarterly"},{"volume-title":"Turing\u2019s Cathedral","year":"2012","author":"Dyson G","key":"bibr6-1461444817726331"},{"volume-title":"Digital Media Ethics","year":"2013","author":"Ess C","key":"bibr7-1461444817726331"},{"key":"bibr8-1461444817726331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13504630902899366"},{"key":"bibr9-1461444817726331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199641321.001.0001"},{"volume-title":"Man in the Age of Technology","year":"1980","author":"Gehlen A","key":"bibr10-1461444817726331"},{"volume-title":"Mona Lisa Overdrive","year":"1988","author":"Gibson W","key":"bibr11-1461444817726331"},{"volume-title":"Faster: The Acceleration of Just about Everything","year":"1999","author":"Gleick J","key":"bibr12-1461444817726331"},{"key":"bibr13-1461444817726331","unstructured":"Graham L (2009) This Bill Stinks \u2026 We\u2019re Not Being Smart. Fox News, 6 February. Available at: http:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/story\/0,2933,489007,00.html"},{"volume-title":"The Machine Question: Critical Perspectives of AI, Robots and Ethics","year":"2013","author":"Gunkel D","key":"bibr14-1461444817726331"},{"volume-title":"The Condition of Postmodernity","year":"1989","author":"Harvey D","key":"bibr15-1461444817726331"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr16-1461444817726331","first-page":"177","volume":"11","author":"Hassan R","year":"2003","journal-title":"Communication, Capitalism and Critique"},{"key":"bibr17-1461444817726331","unstructured":"Hassan R (2009) Crisis time: Networks, acceleration and politics within late capitalism. CTHEORY, 13 October. Available at: http:\/\/ctheory.net\/ctheory_wp\/crisis-time-networks-acceleration-and-politics-within-late-capitalism"},{"volume-title":"The Age of Distraction","year":"2012","author":"Hassan R.","key":"bibr18-1461444817726331"},{"volume-title":"Philosophy of Media","year":"2017","author":"Hassan R","key":"bibr19-1461444817726331"},{"volume-title":"A New Philosophy of Social Conflict","year":"2015","author":"Hawes L","key":"bibr20-1461444817726331"},{"volume-title":"The Imperative of Responsibility","year":"1984","author":"Jonas H","key":"bibr21-1461444817726331"},{"volume-title":"This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs The Climate.","year":"2014","author":"Klein N","key":"bibr22-1461444817726331"},{"volume-title":"The Automated State: Computer Systems as a New Force in Society","year":"1967","author":"McBride R","key":"bibr23-1461444817726331"},{"volume-title":"Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man","year":"1964","author":"McLuhan M","key":"bibr24-1461444817726331"},{"key":"bibr25-1461444817726331","unstructured":"Macy Conferences (1946\u20131953) The foundation of cybernetics (1953). Available at: http:\/\/pcp.vub.ac.be\/books\/gerard.pdf"},{"volume-title":"Never Let a Serious Crisis Go to Waste","year":"2013","author":"Mirowski P","key":"bibr26-1461444817726331"},{"volume-title":"Hans Jonas\u2019s Ethic of Responsibility","year":"2013","author":"Morris T","key":"bibr27-1461444817726331"},{"volume-title":"Being Digital","year":"1995","author":"Negroponte N","key":"bibr28-1461444817726331"},{"volume-title":"Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology","year":"1993","author":"Postman N","key":"bibr29-1461444817726331"},{"key":"bibr30-1461444817726331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/book.77226"},{"key":"bibr31-1461444817726331","unstructured":"UNHCR (2015) The World at War. Available at: http:\/\/unhcr.org\/556725e69.html"},{"key":"bibr32-1461444817726331","unstructured":"Virilio P (1995) Speed and information cyberspace alert. Ctheory. Available at: http:\/\/www.ctheory.net\/articles.aspx?id=72"},{"key":"bibr33-1461444817726331","first-page":"275","volume-title":"Pragmatics of Human Communication \u2013 A Study of Interactional Patterns, Pathologies and Paradoxes","author":"Watzlawick P","year":"1967"},{"volume-title":"The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society","year":"1954","author":"Wiener N","key":"bibr34-1461444817726331"},{"volume-title":"The Postmodern Presence","year":"1996","author":"Wilder C","key":"bibr35-1461444817726331"}],"container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444817726331","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1461444817726331","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444817726331","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T14:01:24Z","timestamp":1740751284000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1461444817726331"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,31]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1461444817726331"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444817726331","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1461-4448"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1461-7315"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,31]]}}}