{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T06:11:10Z","timestamp":1740895870308,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,28]],"date-time":"2017-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["340331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["340331"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> This article traces the history of epilepsy\u2019s affinities with new media. It draws on interviews with people with epilepsy (PWE) and wider instances of the condition\u2019s representation in the socio-cultural imaginary to demonstrate the degree to which epilepsy has been heavily technologized in the second half of the 20th century. Thanks to common analogies made between the seizing brain and the faulty electrical circuit, the PWE has been increasingly conceived within cybernetic terms: in particular, these subjects have long been \u2018black boxed\u2019 by the medical establishment. Tracking this connection across the rise of so-called \u2018Surveillance Medicine\u2019 and new digital health technologies reveals, I argue, suggestive parallels between the stigmatized PWE and the data-driven subject of today\u2019s digital environment. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444817736926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,28]],"date-time":"2017-10-28T12:41:11Z","timestamp":1509194471000},"page":"2880-2897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Epilepsy, digital technology and the black-boxed self"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Roach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2019s College London, UK"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbs.1094"},{"key":"bibr2-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262035095.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr3-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.5260"},{"key":"bibr4-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.ep10933329"},{"key":"bibr5-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.5851"},{"key":"bibr6-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107780049700300304"},{"key":"bibr7-1461444817736926","first-page":"198","volume-title":"Identity Technologies: Constructing the Self Online","author":"Banner O","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr8-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2007.04.019"},{"volume-title":"The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society","year":"1986","author":"Beniger JE","key":"bibr9-1461444817736926"},{"key":"bibr10-1461444817736926","unstructured":"Berry DM (2012) Black boxes, black blocs and the paradigm of availability. Stunlaw: Critique, Politics, Arts and Technology. Available at: http:\/\/stunlaw.blogspot.co.uk\/2012\/02\/black-boxes-black-blocs-and-paradigm-of.html (accessed 12 January 2017)."},{"key":"bibr11-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/rep.2009.108.1.1"},{"key":"bibr12-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2005.04.010"},{"key":"bibr13-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1957.20.2.212"},{"key":"bibr14-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.ep11339939"},{"volume-title":"Screening the Body: Tracing Medicine\u2019s Visual Culture","year":"1995","author":"Cartwright L","key":"bibr15-1461444817736926"},{"key":"bibr16-1461444817736926","volume-title":"The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture","author":"Castells M","year":"2010","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr17-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.ep10491512"},{"key":"bibr18-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15394492020220S105"},{"key":"bibr19-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195166750.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr20-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0263276411424420"},{"key":"bibr21-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/10483.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr22-1461444817736926","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Sexuality at the Fin de Si\u00e8cle: The Makings of a \u2018Central Problem\u2019","author":"Cryle P","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr23-1461444817736926","unstructured":"Cummins G (2008) Invaders: video art: extracts. Available at: http:\/\/www.ictal.net\/invaders.html (accessed 14 December 2016)."},{"volume-title":"Seized Again","year":"2011","author":"Davis RF","key":"bibr24-1461444817736926"},{"key":"bibr25-1461444817736926","unstructured":"Davis RF (n.d.) Virtual memory gone: acrylic painting. Available at: http:\/\/www.richarddavisart.com\/illustrations.html (accessed 12 January 2017)."},{"key":"bibr26-1461444817736926","first-page":"3","volume":"59","author":"Deleuze G","year":"1992","journal-title":"October"},{"key":"bibr27-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691236629"},{"key":"bibr28-1461444817736926","volume-title":"The Wounded Storyteller: Body, Illness, and Ethics","author":"Frank AW","year":"2013","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr29-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5040\/9798400665066","volume-title":"The History of Modern Epilepsy, The Beginning, 1865\u20131914","author":"Friedlander WJ","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr30-1461444817736926","unstructured":"Galloway AR (2011) Black box black bloc. In: Noys B (ed.) Communization and Its Discontents: Contestation, Critique, and Contemporary Struggles. New York: Autonomedia, pp. 237\u2013249 (E-book: Minor Compositions). Available at: www.minorcompositions.info (accessed 12 December 2016)."},{"volume-title":"Extraordinary Bodies: Figuring Physical Disability in American Culture and Literature","year":"1997","author":"Garland Thomson R","key":"bibr31-1461444817736926"},{"volume-title":"The Brain Electric: The Dramatic High-Tech Race to Merge Minds and Machines","year":"2015","author":"Gay M","key":"bibr32-1461444817736926"},{"volume-title":"Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity","year":"1963","author":"Goffman E","key":"bibr33-1461444817736926"},{"volume-title":"Feed-Forward: On the Future of Twenty-First-Century Media","year":"2015","author":"Hansen MBN","key":"bibr34-1461444817736926"},{"volume-title":"The Falling Woman","year":"1992","author":"Hawthorne S","key":"bibr35-1461444817736926"},{"key":"bibr36-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayles NK (1993) Virtual body and flickering signifiers. Available at: http:\/\/www.english.ucla.edu\/faculty\/hayles\/Flick.html (accessed 20 January 2017).","DOI":"10.5040\/9781474248655.0036"},{"key":"bibr37-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226321394.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr38-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226447919.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr39-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/155005949402500306"},{"key":"bibr40-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/0308018812Z.00000000019"},{"key":"bibr41-1461444817736926","first-page":"315","volume":"3","author":"Jackson JH","year":"1873","journal-title":"West Riding Lunatic Asylum Medical Reports"},{"volume-title":"Optical Media: Berlin Lectures 1999","year":"2010","author":"Kittler F","key":"bibr42-1461444817736926"},{"volume-title":"The Illness Narratives: Suffering, Healing, and the Human Condition","year":"1988","author":"Kleinman A","key":"bibr43-1461444817736926"},{"key":"bibr44-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.02.004"},{"key":"bibr45-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/nlh.2010.0007"},{"key":"bibr46-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/soc4.12226"},{"key":"bibr47-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02478259"},{"key":"bibr48-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.10.020"},{"volume-title":"Narrative Prosthesis: Disability and the Dependencies of Discourse","year":"2000","author":"Mitchell DT","key":"bibr49-1461444817736926"},{"volume-title":"Doctors\u2019 Stories: The Narrative Structure of Medical Knowledge","year":"1991","author":"Montgomery HK","key":"bibr50-1461444817736926"},{"key":"bibr51-1461444817736926","unstructured":"Munster A (2011) Nerves of data: the neurological turn in\/against networked media. Computational Culture 1. Available at: http:\/\/computationalculture.net\/article\/nerves-of-data (accessed 24 January 2017)."},{"volume-title":"The Cinema of Isolation: A History of Physical Disability in the Movies","year":"1994","author":"Norden MF","key":"bibr52-1461444817736926"},{"key":"bibr53-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.06.015"},{"key":"bibr54-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226667928.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr55-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444815594441"},{"volume-title":"Aesthetic Nervousness: Disability and the Crisis of Representation","year":"2007","author":"Quayson A","key":"bibr56-1461444817736926"},{"key":"bibr57-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05710-5"},{"key":"bibr58-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02039.x"},{"key":"bibr59-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp11X572463"},{"key":"bibr60-1461444817736926","unstructured":"Roach R (2014) Transatlantic conversations: the art of the interview in Britain and America. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, University of Oxford, Oxford."},{"volume-title":"Electricity","year":"2006","author":"Robinson R","key":"bibr61-1461444817736926"},{"key":"bibr62-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674974555"},{"key":"bibr63-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0038038507080443"},{"volume-title":"Epilepsy","year":"1989","author":"Scambler G","key":"bibr64-1461444817736926"},{"key":"bibr65-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2009.01161.x"},{"key":"bibr66-1461444817736926","unstructured":"Schwartz M (2008) The trolls among us. New York Times Magazine, 3 August. Available at: http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2008\/08\/03\/magazine\/03trolls-t.html (accessed 12 January 2017)."},{"key":"bibr67-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/778312"},{"volume-title":"Bodies and Machines","year":"1992","author":"Seltzer M","key":"bibr68-1461444817736926"},{"volume-title":"The Disabled State","year":"1985","author":"Stone DA","key":"bibr69-1461444817736926"},{"key":"bibr70-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21674086.1933.11925189"},{"volume-title":"The Falling Sickness: A History of Epilepsy from the Greeks to the Beginnings of Modern Neurology","year":"1971","author":"Temkin O","key":"bibr71-1461444817736926"},{"key":"bibr72-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/con.2004.0014"},{"key":"bibr73-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.10205.x","volume":"46","author":"Todd RB","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"bibr74-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60150-5"},{"key":"bibr75-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139939799.027"},{"key":"bibr76-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2752\/175174311X12861940861707"},{"volume-title":"The Computer and the Brain","year":"1963","author":"Von Neumann J","key":"bibr77-1461444817736926"},{"key":"bibr78-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203360637_chapter_1"},{"key":"bibr79-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2012.01.006"},{"key":"bibr80-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230506046_1"},{"key":"bibr81-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-137-09593-0"},{"key":"bibr82-1461444817736926","first-page":"161","volume-title":"The Disability Studies Reading","author":"Wendell S","year":"2013","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr83-1461444817736926","unstructured":"WHO (2016) Epilepsy fact sheet. Available at: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs999\/en\/ (accessed 12 December 2016)."},{"key":"bibr84-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.09.026"},{"key":"bibr85-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/13140-000"},{"key":"bibr86-1461444817736926","unstructured":"Willis M (2014) The case of the cataleptic patient: scientific medicine, literature and performance. Unpublished Research Paper, King\u2019s College London, London, 26 November."},{"key":"bibr87-1461444817736926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0009.2012.00662.x"}],"container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444817736926","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1461444817736926","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444817736926","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T03:55:45Z","timestamp":1740887745000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1461444817736926"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,28]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1461444817736926"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444817736926","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1461-4448"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1461-7315"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,28]]}}}