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Thanks to the systematic use of Internet and communication technologies (ICTs), the nonviolent resistance organized by the Sioux tribes of Standing Rock Reservation to oppose the planned construction rapidly attracted public attention. In view of their strategic use of online video-sharing for documentation and counter-surveillance purposes, this study aims at describing how diverse modes of user activity are triggered by two different forms of distant witnessing: online video and live streaming. To this aim, this study analyzes the user activity which took place on the Digital Smoke Signals Facebook page, one of the most widely followed information outlets of the NO DAPL movement. Findings suggest that online video and live streaming trigger different forms of connective activity. The highlighted differences reflect the ways in which synchronous and asynchronous forms of online audio-visual communication impact users\u2019 everyday life. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444818766703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]],"date-time":"2018-04-11T12:48:12Z","timestamp":1523450892000},"page":"4035-4055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Online distant witnessing and live-streaming activism: Emerging differences in the activation of networked publics"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7532-4814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Martini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Haifa, Israel"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1461444818766703","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444816686322"},{"key":"bibr2-1461444818766703","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2015.1061576"},{"key":"bibr3-1461444818766703","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1464884907084337"},{"key":"bibr4-1461444818766703","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1470357213483055"},{"key":"bibr5-1461444818766703","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444813489863"},{"key":"bibr6-1461444818766703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315619835-33","volume-title":"The Routledge Companion to Media and Human Rights","author":"And\u00e9n-Papadopoulos K","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr7-1461444818766703","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/488658"},{"key":"bibr8-1461444818766703","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139198752"},{"key":"bibr9-1461444818766703","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1509\/jmr.10.0353"},{"key":"bibr10-1461444818766703","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bessi A, Ferrara E (2016) Social bots distort the 2016 U.S. presidential election online discussion. 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