{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T11:37:28Z","timestamp":1775821048867,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,26]],"date-time":"2018-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524700800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> While political protest is essentially a visual expression of dissent, both social movement research and media studies have thus far been hesitant to focus on visual social media data from protest events. This research explores the visual dimension (photos and videos) of Twitter communication in the Blockupy protests against the opening of the European Central Bank (ECB) headquarters in Frankfurt am Main on 18 March 2015. It does so through a novel combination of quantitative analysis, content analysis of images, and identification of narratives. The article concludes by arguing that the visual in political protest in social media reproduces existing visualities and hierarchies rather than challenges them. This research enhances our conceptual understanding of how activists\u2019 struggles play out in the visual and contributes to developing methods for empirical inquiry into visual social media content. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444818770602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,26]],"date-time":"2018-04-26T09:33:43Z","timestamp":1524735223000},"page":"4293-4310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Images of protest in social media: Struggle over visibility and visual narratives"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"Neumayer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444813489863"},{"key":"bibr2-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/S0163-786X(2013)0000035009"},{"key":"bibr3-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0163443712467594"},{"key":"bibr4-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444814554747"},{"key":"bibr5-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2470658"},{"key":"bibr6-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0163443717725573"},{"key":"bibr7-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2010.412"},{"key":"bibr8-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/DRAM_a_00126"},{"key":"bibr9-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0163443717725574"},{"key":"bibr10-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0267323112441007"},{"key":"bibr11-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2015.1070890"},{"key":"bibr12-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0163443717726163"},{"key":"bibr13-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764211419357"},{"key":"bibr14-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2872518.2889302"},{"key":"bibr15-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139043144"},{"key":"bibr16-1461444818770602","volume-title":"Globalization from Below: Transnational Activists and Protest Networks","author":"Della Porta D","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr17-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07393180216559"},{"key":"bibr18-1461444818770602","first-page":"557","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Social Movements","author":"Doerr N","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr19-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016344301023006002"},{"key":"bibr20-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2003.tb03003.x"},{"key":"bibr21-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0309816812453613"},{"key":"bibr22-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305116664360"},{"key":"bibr23-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716293528001009"},{"key":"bibr24-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444809342738"},{"key":"bibr25-1461444818770602","unstructured":"Gupta S (2015) The \u201cActivist\u201d in General and Blockupy, April. Available at: http:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/arts\/research\/finance-crisis-protest\/comment-and-debate\/%E2%80%9Cactivist%E2%80%9D-general-and-blockupy"},{"key":"bibr26-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-53420-6_7"},{"key":"bibr27-1461444818770602","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Dynamics of Mediatized Conflicts","author":"Hjarvard S","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr28-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0308275X05058657"},{"key":"bibr29-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kemple T, Huey L (2002) Observing the observers: researching surveillance and counter-surveillance on \u201cskid row.\u201d Surveillance & Society 3(2\u20133). Available at: https:\/\/ojs.library.queensu.ca\/index.php\/surveillance-and-society\/article\/view\/3497","DOI":"10.24908\/ss.v3i2\/3.3497"},{"key":"bibr30-1461444818770602","volume-title":"Surveillance Studies: An Overview","author":"Lyon D","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr31-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2096360"},{"key":"bibr32-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/soc4.12173"},{"key":"bibr33-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2015.1043135"},{"key":"bibr34-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/659354"},{"key":"bibr35-1461444818770602","volume-title":"The Appearance of Black Lives Matter","author":"Mirzoeff N","year":"2017"},{"issue":"19","key":"bibr36-1461444818770602","first-page":"2903","volume":"9","author":"Mollerup NG","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication"},{"key":"bibr37-1461444818770602","unstructured":"Morstatter F, Pfeffer J, Liu H, et al. (2013) Is the sample good enough? Comparing data from Twitter\u2019s Streaming API with Twitter\u2019s Firehose. In: Proceedings of ICWSM. Available at: https:\/\/humancomputation.com\/blog\/?p=6596"},{"key":"bibr38-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1742766510397936"},{"key":"bibr39-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17512786.2015.1030140"},{"key":"bibr40-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050157913513255"},{"key":"bibr41-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305116662180"},{"issue":"22","key":"bibr42-1461444818770602","first-page":"5558","volume":"10","author":"Neumayer C","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication"},{"key":"bibr43-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.2307\/jj.608237.18","volume-title":"The Democratic Public Sphere: Current Challenges and Prospects","author":"Neumayer C","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr44-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137481177"},{"key":"bibr45-1461444818770602","first-page":"586","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th international AAAI conference on weblogs and social media","author":"Petrovic S","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr46-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137441478_2"},{"key":"bibr47-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1464884911431533"},{"key":"bibr48-1461444818770602","first-page":"527","volume-title":"The Routledge Companion to Alternative and Community Media","author":"Poell T","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr49-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/publichealth.5059"},{"key":"bibr50-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcc4.12013"},{"key":"bibr51-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2037556.2037632"},{"key":"bibr52-1461444818770602","volume-title":"On Photography","author":"Sontag S","year":"1977"},{"key":"bibr53-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077800410393885"},{"key":"bibr54-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SocialCom.2010.33"},{"key":"bibr55-1461444818770602","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0163443717704997"},{"key":"bibr56-1461444818770602","first-page":"355","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th international conference on weblogs and social media","author":"Yang J","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444818770602","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1461444818770602","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444818770602","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T07:18:56Z","timestamp":1740986336000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1461444818770602"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,26]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1461444818770602"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444818770602","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-4448","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,26]]}}}