{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:21:36Z","timestamp":1777936896647,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]],"date-time":"2018-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538956800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article examines the roles of platform-based distribution and user data in the digital music economy. Drawing on trade press, newspaper coverage, and a consumer privacy complaint, we offer a critical analysis of tech-music partnerships forged between Samsung and Jay-Z (2013), Apple iTunes Store and U2 (2014), Tidal and Kanye West (2016), and Apple Music and Drake (2017). In these cases, information technology (IT) companies supported album releases, and music was used to generate user data and attention: logics of data and attention capture were interwoven. The IT and music industries have adapted their business strategies to what we conceptualize as platform-based capital accumulation or \u2018platform accumulation\u2019, and models centred on controlling access and extracting rent have enabled the emergence of new monopolies and IT gatekeepers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444818800998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]],"date-time":"2018-10-08T06:40:02Z","timestamp":1538980802000},"page":"543-561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Rising tides? Data capture, platform accumulation, and new monopolies in the digital music economy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Leslie M","family":"Meier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent R","family":"Manzerolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Windsor, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1461444818800998","volume-title":"Popular Music in a Digital Music Economy: Problems and Practices for an Emerging Service Industry","author":"Anderson TJ","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr2-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Andersson Schwarz J (2016) Mastering one\u2019s domain: some key principles of platform capitalism. Medium, 13 June. Available at: https:\/\/medium.com\/future-platforms-for-independent-journalism\/mastering-ones-domain-some-key-principles-of-platform-capitalism-47c2adc94bde (accessed 15 July 2016)."},{"key":"bibr3-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/book.119494"},{"key":"bibr4-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412015616509"},{"key":"bibr5-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Apple (2014) Apple & U2 release \u2018Songs of Innocence\u2019 exclusively for iTunes Store customers. Press Release, 9 September. Available at: https:\/\/www.apple.com\/newsroom\/2014\/09\/09Apple-U2-Release-Songs-of-Innocence-Exclusively-for-iTunes-Store-Customers\/ (accessed 20 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr6-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Assar V (2014) Apple\u2019s devious U2 album giveaway is even worse than spam. Wired, 16 September. Available at: http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2014\/09\/apples-devious-u2-album-giveaway-even-worse-spam\/ (accessed 18 June 2015)."},{"key":"bibr7-1461444818800998","unstructured":"BBC (2014) Got iTunes? You got a U2 album. Here\u2019s how to delete it. BBC Newsbeat, 11 September. Available at: http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/newsbeat\/article\/29157217\/got-itunes-you-got-a-u2-album-heres-how-to-delete-it (accessed 25 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr8-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Bershidsky L (2017) The music business is more unfair than ever. Bloomberg View, 25 September. Available at: https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/view\/articles\/2017-09-25\/the-music-business-is-more-unfair-than-ever?cmpid=socialflow-facebook-business&utm_content=business&utm_campaign=socialflow-organic&utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=social (accessed 27 September 2017)."},{"key":"bibr9-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Brandle L (2017) Kanye West returns fire in lawsuit over \u2018The Life of Pablo\u2019 exclusivity. Billboard, 19 July. Available at: http:\/\/www.billboard.com\/articles\/columns\/hip-hop\/7873023\/kanye-west-lawsuit-life-of-pablo (accessed 27 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr10-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262029575.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr11-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Bryant C (2018) Spotify $26 billion value is hard to put your finger on. Bloomberg Opinion, 9 April. Available at: https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/gadfly\/articles\/2018-04-09\/spotify-s-26-billion-value-is-hard-to-put-your-finger-on (accessed 15 June 2018)."},{"key":"bibr12-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03007766.2013.810853"},{"key":"bibr13-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Caulfield K (2013) Jay Z\u2019s \u2018Magna Carta\u2019 debuts at no. 1 on Billboard 200 chart. Billboard, 16 July. Available at: http:\/\/www.billboard.com\/articles\/news\/1924866\/jay-zs-magna-carta-debuts-at-no-1-on-billboard-200-chart (accessed 20 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr14-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Chen A (2013) Jay-Z\u2019s new album is basically a massive data-mining operation. In: Gawker, 3 July. Available at: http:\/\/gawker.com\/jay-zs-new-album-is-basically-a-massive-data-mining-op-661499440 (accessed 18 June 2015)."},{"key":"bibr15-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Coscarelli J (2016) 400 million streams later, Kanye West\u2019s \u2018Pablo\u2019 gets a wider release. The New York Times, 31 March. Available at: https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/04\/02\/arts\/music\/kanye-west-life-pablo-tidal-streams.html (accessed 27 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr16-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Deutscher M (2013) IBM\u2019s CEO says big data is like oil, enterprises need help extracting the value. Silicon Angle, 11 March. Available at: http:\/\/siliconangle.com\/blog\/2013\/03\/11\/ibms-ceo-says-big-data-is-like-oil-enterprises-need-help-extracting-the-value\/ (accessed 15 May 2014)."},{"key":"bibr17-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Dilger DE (2013) Samsung\u2019s \u2018free\u2019 Jay Z album delivered via Android spyware app. Apple Insider, 5 July. Available at: http:\/\/appleinsider.com\/articles\/13\/07\/05\/samsungs-free-jay-z-album-delivered-via-android-spyware-app (accessed 14 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr18-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Doyle W (2016) Kanye West is updating his album live \u2013 an exciting prospect for art. The Guardian, 18 March. Available at: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/music\/musicblog\/2016\/mar\/18\/kanye-west-album-the-life-of-pablo-william-doyle-east-india-youth (accessed 27 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr19-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Dredge S (2013) Jay-Z Magna Carta Holy Grail Android app sparks privacy concerns. The Guardian, 8 July. Available at: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/appsblog\/2013\/jul\/08\/jay-z-android-app-privacy (accessed 27 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr20-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Dredge S (2016) Seven things we\u2019ve learned from the first year of Apple Music. The Guardian, 30 June. Available at: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2016\/jun\/30\/apple-music-first-year-streaming-spotify-youtube (accessed 27 September 2017)."},{"key":"bibr21-1461444818800998","unstructured":"The Economist\n                      (2017) Data is giving rise to a new economy. The Economist, 6 May. Available at: https:\/\/www.economist.com\/news\/briefing\/21721634-how-it-shaping-up-data-giving-rise-new-economy (accessed 27 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr22-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Edwards J (2014) The $40 billion reason Apple is giving away that U2 album for free. Business Insider, 10 September. Available at: http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/apple-gives-away-u2-album-for-free-to-get-credit-cards-launch-apple-pay-2014-9#ixzz3dHdMzX9f (accessed 18 June 2015)."},{"key":"bibr23-1461444818800998","unstructured":"EPIC (2013) Complaint, request for investigation, injunction, and other relief submitted by the Electronic Privacy Information Center. Before the Federal Trade Commission in the matter of Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., 12 July. Available at: https:\/\/epic.org\/samsung_jay-z_magna_carta_app.html (accessed 14 January 2015)."},{"key":"bibr24-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v21i7.6303"},{"key":"bibr25-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Flanagan A, Hampp A (2015) It\u2019s official: Jay Z\u2019s historic Tidal launches with 16 artist stakeholders. Billboard, 30 March. Available at: http:\/\/www.billboard.com\/articles\/news\/6509498\/jay-z-tidal-launch-artist-stakeholders (accessed 24 August 2015)."},{"key":"bibr26-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Forde E (2013) Jay-Z\u2019s Samsung deal signals a musical future where the rich get richer. The Guardian, 4 July. Available at: http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/music\/musicblog\/2013\/jul\/04\/jay-z-samsung-music-future (accessed 16 June 2015)."},{"key":"bibr27-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Fuller Z (2017) Why Drake\u2019s More Life is the new normal in streaming. In: Music Industry Blog, 23 March. Available at: https:\/\/musicindustryblog.wordpress.com\/2017\/03\/23\/why-drakes-more-life-is-the-new-normal-in-streaming\/ (accessed 1 May 2017)."},{"key":"bibr28-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444809342738"},{"key":"bibr29-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Grow K (2014) Bono apologizes for forcing U2\u2019s \u2018Songs of Innocence\u2019 on iTunes users. Rolling Stone, 15 October. Available at: http:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/music\/news\/bono-apologizes-for-forcing-u2s-songs-of-innocence-on-itunes-users-20141015 (accessed 18 June 2015)."},{"key":"bibr30-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Hampp A (2013) Samsung\u2019s Todd Pendleton on that game-changing Jay Z deal. Billboard, 12 December. Available at: http:\/\/www.billboard.com\/biz\/articles\/news\/branding\/5827366\/samsungs-todd-pendleton-on-that-game-changing-jay-z-deal (accessed 27 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr31-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Hampp A (2015) What Tidal means for the freemium vs. premium debate: the industry weighs in. Billboard, 30 March. Available at: http:\/\/www.billboard.com\/articles\/business\/6516938\/tidal-analysis-jay-z (accessed 24 August 2015)."},{"key":"bibr32-1461444818800998","volume-title":"The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change","author":"Harvey D","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr33-1461444818800998","first-page":"93","volume":"38","author":"Harvey D","year":"2002","journal-title":"Socialist Register"},{"key":"bibr34-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Heisler Y (2014) Bono talks 885 million iTunes accounts, new music format, and \u2018haters\u2019. In: Engadget, 22 September. Available at: https:\/\/www.engadget.com\/2014\/09\/22\/bono-talks-885-million-itunes-accounts-new-music-format-and-sa\/ (accessed 15 June 2018)."},{"key":"bibr35-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305115603080"},{"key":"bibr36-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2017.1340498"},{"key":"bibr37-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Ingham T (2018) Tidal accused of deliberately faking Kanye West and Beyonc\u00e9 streaming numbers. Music Business Worldwide, 9 May. Available at: https:\/\/www.musicbusinessworldwide.com\/did-tidal-falsify-streams-to-bulk-up-kanye-west-and-beyonce-numbers\/ (accessed 21 June 2018)."},{"key":"bibr38-1461444818800998","volume-title":"Empire and Communications","author":"Innis HA","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr39-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Jones B (2014) Twitter responds to Apple giving iOS users the new U2 album. Social News Daily, 18 September. Available at: http:\/\/socialnewsdaily.com\/43366\/twitter-responds-to-apple-giving-ios-users-the-new-u2-album\/ (accessed 14 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr40-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Jones R (2017) Drake\u2019s More Life tops 250M streams across Apple Music and Spotify in two-and-a-half days. Music Business Worldwide, 22 March. Available at: https:\/\/www.musicbusinessworldwide.com\/drakes-more-life-tops-250m-streams-across-apple-music-and-spotify-in-two-and-a-half-days\/ (accessed 25 March 2017)."},{"key":"bibr41-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Josephs B (2016) Drake\u2019s Views is the first album to earn 1 billion Apple Music streams. Spin, 26 September. Available at: http:\/\/www.spin.com\/2016\/09\/drakes-views-1-billion-apple-music\/ (accessed 30 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr42-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Kafka P (2014) The internet wants to know where to return Apple\u2019s gift. Recode, 11 September. Available at: https:\/\/www.recode.net\/2014\/9\/11\/11630802\/the-internet-wants-to-know-where-to-return-apples-gift (accessed 25 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr43-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15405702.2016.1193183"},{"key":"bibr44-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Koetsier J (2017) How one accidental Kanye West tweet led to 150m app installs. Forbes, 3 April. Available at: https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/johnkoetsier\/2017\/04\/03\/how-one-accidental-kanye-west-tweet-led-to-150m-app-installs\/#4f7f1b4b3700 (accessed 27 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr45-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2218\/finsoc.v3i1.1936"},{"key":"bibr46-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Leonard D (2015) That\u2019s business, man: why Jay Z\u2019s Tidal is a complete disaster. Bloomberg Businessweek, 28 May. Available at: https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/features\/2015-05-28\/why-jay-z-s-tidal-streaming-music-service-has-been-a-disaster (accessed 24 August 2015)."},{"key":"bibr47-1461444818800998","unstructured":"McCartney A (2016) Man sues Kanye West, Tidal, over new album. Associated Press, 18 April. Available at: https:\/\/apnews.com\/cfb7a6c6406c4a5690a94016b7004572\/apnewsbreak-man-sues-kanye-west-tidal-over-new-album (accessed 27 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr48-1461444818800998","unstructured":"McCormick R (2016) Kanye West\u2019s The Life of Pablo is now on Spotify, Apple Music, and Google Play. The Verge, 1 April. Available at: https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2016\/4\/1\/11343526\/kanye-west-life-of-pablo-spotify-itunes (accessed 27 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr49-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016344397019002005"},{"key":"bibr50-1461444818800998","unstructured":"McGregor J (2014) Did the Samsung and Jay Z partnership pave the way for Beats-Apple deal? Kanye West thinks so. Forbes, 18 June. Available at: http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/jaymcgregor\/2014\/06\/18\/did-the-samsung-and-jay-z-partnership-pave-the-way-for-dr-dre-apple-deal-kanye-west-thinks-so\/ (accessed 18 June 2015)."},{"key":"bibr51-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9820.003.0018","volume-title":"The Imaginary App","author":"Manzerolle V","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr52-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004291393_007"},{"key":"bibr53-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17510694.2015.1096618"},{"key":"bibr54-1461444818800998","volume-title":"Popular Music as Promotion: Music and Branding in the Digital Age","author":"Meier LM","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr55-1461444818800998","unstructured":"MIDiA (2017) Global recorded market music market shares 2016. In: Music Industry Blog, 26 February 2017. Available at: https:\/\/musicindustryblog.wordpress.com\/2017\/02\/26\/global-recorded-market-music-market-shares-2016\/ (accessed 27 September 2017)."},{"key":"bibr56-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accfor.2013.06.003"},{"key":"bibr57-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15405702.2014.977998"},{"key":"bibr58-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520962934"},{"key":"bibr59-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17510694.2015.1090222"},{"key":"bibr60-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2433.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr61-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Mulligan M (2015) Apple, the Indies and the rise of the digital monopsony. In: Music Industry Blog, 19 June. Available at: https:\/\/musicindustryblog.wordpress.com\/2015\/06\/19\/apple-the-indies-and-the-rise-of-the-digital-monospony\/ (accessed 2 September 2015)."},{"key":"bibr62-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444818769694"},{"key":"bibr63-1461444818800998","unstructured":"NME Blog (2014) 10 of the most amusing reactions to U2\u2019s free album. In: New Musical Express, 10 September. Available at: http:\/\/www.nme.com\/blogs\/nme-blogs\/10-of-the-most-amusing-reactions-to-u2s-free-album-19320 (accessed 14 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr64-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Pareles J (2013) Jay-Z is watching, and he knows your friends. The New York Times, 14 July. Available at: http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/07\/05\/arts\/music\/jay-z-is-watching-and-he-knows-your-friends.html (accessed 14 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr65-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Pierce D (2017) The secret hit-making power of the Spotify playlist. Wired, 3 May. Available at: https:\/\/www.wired.com\/2017\/05\/secret-hit-making-power-spotify-playlist\/ (accessed 30 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr66-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444816661553"},{"key":"bibr67-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Reisinger D (2016) Drake\u2019s Apple Music partnership is a blockbuster. Fortune, 9 May. Available at: http:\/\/fortune.com\/2016\/05\/09\/drake-apple-music\/ (accessed 30 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr68-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Renshaw D (2013) Privacy issues raised over terms and conditions of Jay-Z\u2019s Samsung app. New Musical Express, 3 July. Available at: http:\/\/www.nme.com\/news\/music\/jay-z-40-1262549 (accessed 13 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr69-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01972243.2015.1069769"},{"key":"bibr70-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Rutherford K (2018) Drake\u2019s \u2018Scorpion\u2019 is the first album to hit 1 billion global streams in a single week. Billboard, 6 July. Available at: https:\/\/www.billboard.com\/articles\/columns\/chart-beat\/8464292\/drake-scorpion-first-album-1-billion-global-streams-one-week (accessed 17 August 2018)."},{"key":"bibr71-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Rys D (2017) Sprint purchases 33 percent stake in Tidal. Billboard, 23 January. Available at: http:\/\/www.billboard.com\/articles\/business\/7662653\/sprint-jay-z-tidal-33-percent-stake-purchase (accessed 5 September 2017)."},{"key":"bibr72-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Savage M (2018) Spotify users demand refunds over Drake promotion. BBC News, 3 July. Available at: https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/entertainment-arts-44695062 (accessed 3 July 2018)."},{"key":"bibr73-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4000\/transposition.1632"},{"key":"bibr74-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Shepherd J (2016) Kanye West: Life of Pablo \u2018pirated 500,000 times\u2019 in less than a week. The Independent, 17 February. Available at: http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/music\/news\/kanye-west-life-of-pablo-illegally-downloaded-500000-times-already-a6878741.html (accessed 27 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr75-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Sisario B (2014) For U2 and Apple, a shrewd marketing partnership. The New York Times, 9 September. Available at: https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/09\/10\/business\/media\/u2-appears-at-apple-event-and-songs-of-innocence-appears-free-on-itunes.html (accessed 20 July 2017)."},{"key":"bibr76-1461444818800998","volume-title":"Platform Capitalism","author":"Srnicek N","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr77-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3998\/mij.15031809.0001.110","volume":"1","author":"Sterne J","year":"2014","journal-title":"Media Industries"},{"key":"bibr78-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Stutz C (2018) Kanye West & Tidal must face fraud suit over \u2018The Life of Pablo\u2019 exclusivity claims. Billboard, 25 June. Available at: https:\/\/www.billboard.com\/articles\/columns\/hip-hop\/8462809\/kanye-west-tidal-life-of-pablo-exclusivity-lawsuit-continue (accessed 17 August 2018)."},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr79-1461444818800998","first-page":"66","volume":"4","author":"Sullivan JL","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Political Economy of Communication"},{"key":"bibr80-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Taylor C (2015) 99 problems: why Jay Z\u2019s Tidal streaming service became a train wreck. Mashable, 24 April. Available at: http:\/\/mashable.com\/2015\/04\/24\/tidal-jay-z-decline\/ (accessed 24 August 2015)."},{"key":"bibr81-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Tidal (2018) What is TIDAL? TIDAL. Available at: http:\/\/tidal.com\/whatistidal\/ (accessed 17 August 2018)."},{"key":"bibr82-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1527476417741200"},{"key":"bibr83-1461444818800998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0261143007001262"},{"key":"bibr84-1461444818800998","unstructured":"Wilner E (2015) U2\u2019s bet on Apple still \u2018paying\u2019 off. Kantar US, 23 February. Available at: http:\/\/us.kantar.com\/tech\/mobile\/2015\/kantar-data-on-free-u2-album-usage\/ (accessed 27 July 2017)."}],"container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444818800998","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1461444818800998","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444818800998","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:47:32Z","timestamp":1777693652000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1461444818800998"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1461444818800998"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444818800998","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-4448","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,8]]}}}