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This article examines how demographics relate to privacy concerns and attitudes toward \u201cpolitical behavioral targeting\u201d (PBT), how privacy concerns and attitudes toward PBT relate over time, and explore their relation with autonomy, electoral deliberation, and chilling effects. Using a three-wave panel study, administered in the Netherlands ( N\u2009=\u2009879), we examine a potential reciprocal relation between attitude toward PBT and privacy concerns, which may form a negative reinforcing spiral dynamic over time. This dynamic could result in undesirable behavior of the voter from a democratic viewpoint (e.g. chilling effects). We find that demographics fall short in explaining privacy concerns. More importantly, we find evidence for a reinforcing spiral dynamic and, by doing so, contribute to the discussion about the threats and promises of PBT to society.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444818813372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,23]],"date-time":"2018-11-23T00:56:00Z","timestamp":1542934560000},"page":"1212-1231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Spiraling downward: The reciprocal relation between attitude toward political behavioral targeting and privacy concerns"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6657-4037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Dobber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damian","family":"Trilling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natali","family":"Helberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claes","family":"de Vreese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17405629.2014.963549"},{"key":"bibr2-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444367072.wbiee716"},{"key":"bibr3-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1940161217706163"},{"key":"bibr4-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2389661.2389671"},{"key":"bibr5-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12276"},{"key":"bibr6-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24908\/ss.v13i3\/4.5373"},{"key":"bibr7-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/idpl\/ipw021"},{"key":"bibr8-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19331681.2014.895691"},{"key":"bibr9-1461444818813372","volume-title":"Annual conference of the American Academy of Advertising (AAA) 2018","author":"Boerman SC","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr10-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmy020"},{"key":"bibr11-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11109-013-9239-z"},{"key":"bibr12-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1461670X.2013.765637"},{"key":"bibr13-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1060.0080"},{"key":"bibr14-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14763\/2017.4.777"},{"key":"bibr15-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049096516001645"},{"key":"bibr16-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/795891"},{"key":"bibr17-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.132.5.778"},{"key":"bibr18-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07393148.2015.1125119"},{"key":"bibr19-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781316212783"},{"key":"bibr20-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022381613000182"},{"key":"bibr21-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2014.995538"},{"key":"bibr22-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1589864"},{"key":"bibr23-1461444818813372","volume-title":"New Media Campaigns and the Managed Citizen","author":"Howard PN","year":"2006"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr24-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1515\/for-2013-0052","volume":"11","author":"Jamieson KH","year":"2013","journal-title":"Forum"},{"key":"bibr25-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199782536.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr26-1461444818813372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199350247.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr27-1461444818813372","unstructured":"McDonald AM, Cranor LF (2010) Beliefs and behaviors: internet users\u2019 understanding of behavioral advertising. 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