{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:22:20Z","timestamp":1777936940876,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,6]],"date-time":"2019-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546732800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Women across a range of industries are creating women-only private Facebook groups for professional support, networking opportunities, and career development. Through interviews with 26 women, this research shows how private Facebook groups provide affordances for creating spaces reminiscent of second-wave consciousness-raising groups. Within these groups, separate from cisgender men, women discuss their work experiences and share advice, leading to changes for women beyond the groups\u2019 borders. Thus, private Facebook groups for professional women support feminist practices despite not being labeled as explicitly feminist. However, these activities are limited in their usefulness for the wider feminist project by the exclusion of some women across lines of difference such as race, class, and age. This study illustrates empirically how social media is used for everyday politics, contributing to understandings of the digital fourth wave of the women\u2019s movement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444818822490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]],"date-time":"2019-01-07T18:01:02Z","timestamp":1546884062000},"page":"1362-1379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["\u201cA group that\u2019s just women for women\u201d: Feminist affordances of private Facebook groups for professionals"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Urszula","family":"Pruchniewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Temple University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1461444818822490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1350508412448695"},{"key":"bibr2-1461444818822490","volume-title":"Lenin and Philosophy, and Other Essays","author":"Althusser L","year":"1971"},{"key":"bibr3-1461444818822490","unstructured":"Anderson M, Perrin A, Jiang J (2018) 11% of Americans don\u2019t use the internet. Who are they? Pew Research Center, 5 March. Available at: http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/03\/05\/some-americans-dont-use-the-internet-who-are-they\/"},{"key":"bibr4-1461444818822490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14680777.2015.1061033"},{"key":"bibr5-1461444818822490","unstructured":"Banet-Weiser S (2015) Popular misogyny: a zeitgeist. Culture Digitally, 25 January. Available at: http:\/\/culturedigitally.org\/2015\/01\/popular-misogyny-a-zeitgeist\/"},{"key":"bibr6-1461444818822490","unstructured":"Bennett J (2017) The #Me too moment: the year in gender. The New York Times, 30 December. Available at: https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/12\/30\/us\/the-metoo-moment-the-year-in-gender.html"},{"key":"bibr7-1461444818822490","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Labor, Writing Technologies, and the Shaping of Composition in the Academy","author":"Blackmon S","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr8-1461444818822490","unstructured":"Blackwell K (2018) Why people of color need spaces without white people. Arrow Journal, 9 August. Available at: https:\/\/arrow-journal.org\/why-people-of-color-need-spaces-without-white-people\/"},{"key":"bibr9-1461444818822490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-72917-6_5"},{"key":"bibr10-1461444818822490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444810397031"},{"key":"bibr11-1461444818822490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781473984066.n14"},{"key":"bibr12-1461444818822490","unstructured":"Calfas J (2018) Women have pushed for equal pay for decades: it\u2019s sad how little progress we\u2019ve made. Time, 10 April. Available at: https:\/\/www.grameenamerica.org\/news\/2018\/4\/10\/women-have-pushed-for-equal-pay-for-decades-its-sad-how-little-progress-weve-made"},{"key":"bibr13-1461444818822490","first-page":"112","volume-title":"Wired Women: Gender and New Realities in Cyberspace","author":"Camp LJ","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr14-1461444818822490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10510979909388480"},{"key":"bibr15-1461444818822490","first-page":"359","volume-title":"Handbook of Qualitative Research","author":"Charmaz K","year":"2005","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr16-1461444818822490","first-page":"2948","volume":"12","author":"Cirucci A","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication"},{"key":"bibr17-1461444818822490","unstructured":"Cochrane K (2013) The fourth wave of feminism: meet the rebel women. The Guardian, 10 December. Available at: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2013\/dec\/10\/fourth-wave-feminism-rebel-women"},{"key":"bibr18-1461444818822490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1229039"},{"key":"bibr19-1461444818822490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444812462849"},{"key":"bibr20-1461444818822490","first-page":"41","volume-title":"The Intersectional Internet: Race, Sex, Class and Culture Online","author":"Daniels J","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr21-1461444818822490","unstructured":"Duggan M (2017) Experiencing online harassment. Pew Research Center, 11 July. Available at: http:\/\/www.pewinternet.org\/2017\/07\/11\/online-harassment-2017\/"},{"key":"bibr22-1461444818822490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07491409.2005.10162493"},{"key":"bibr23-1461444818822490","volume-title":"The Ecological Approach to Perception","author":"Gibson J","year":"1979"},{"key":"bibr24-1461444818822490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1367549407075898"},{"key":"bibr25-1461444818822490","volume-title":"Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center","author":"Hooks B","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr26-1461444818822490","volume-title":"Feminism Is for Everybody: Passionate Politics","author":"Hooks B","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr27-1461444818822490","author":"Hanisch C","year":"2010","journal-title":"On the Issues Magazine"},{"key":"bibr28-1461444818822490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3178066"},{"key":"bibr29-1461444818822490","volume-title":"Social Media and Everyday Politics","author":"Highfield T","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr30-1461444818822490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11206-004-0694-5"},{"key":"bibr31-1461444818822490","unstructured":"Lepore M (2018) Women\u2019s Facebook groups are honing their power more than ever right now and it is incredible. Levo, 20 February. Available at: https:\/\/twitter.com\/geschehaas\/status\/966120405416124416"},{"key":"bibr32-1461444818822490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2011.10.002"},{"key":"bibr33-1461444818822490","volume-title":"Toward a Feminist Theory of the State","author":"MacKinnon C","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr34-1461444818822490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-9066.12021"},{"key":"bibr35-1461444818822490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305115603385"},{"key":"bibr36-1461444818822490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203953365"},{"key":"bibr37-1461444818822490","unstructured":"Nelson A (2017) Women and the good ole boys club. Psychology Today, 28 March. Available at: https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/he-speaks-she-speaks\/201703\/women-and-the-good-ole-boys-club"},{"key":"bibr38-1461444818822490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3726\/978-1-4539-1717-6","volume-title":"The Intersectional Internet: Race, Sex, Class and Culture Online","author":"Noble SU","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr39-1461444818822490","unstructured":"NYU Law (2018) After #Me Too. NYU Law News, 15 February. Available at: http:\/\/www.law.nyu.edu\/news\/ideas\/melissa-murray-amy-adler-forum-metoo-sexual-harassment-amy-adler-melissa-murray"},{"key":"bibr40-1461444818822490","unstructured":"Parker K, Funk C (2017) Gender discrimination comes in many forms for today\u2019s working women. Pew Research Center, 14 December. Available at: http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2017\/12\/14\/gender-discrimination-comes-in-many-forms-for-todays-working-women\/"},{"key":"bibr41-1461444818822490","author":"Pew Research Center","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pew Research Center"},{"key":"bibr42-1461444818822490","author":"Sandberg S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lean in: Women, work, and the will to lead"},{"key":"bibr43-1461444818822490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14791420.2014.926245"},{"key":"bibr44-1461444818822490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/sp.2009.56.1.89"},{"key":"bibr45-1461444818822490","first-page":"73","volume-title":"The Intersectional Internet: Race, Sex, Class and Culture Online","author":"Steel CA","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr46-1461444818822490","first-page":"21","volume-title":"The Intersectional Internet: Race, Sex, Class and Culture Online","author":"Tynes B","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr47-1461444818822490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137500748"},{"key":"bibr48-1461444818822490","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cje\/ben057"},{"key":"bibr49-1461444818822490","author":"Walby S","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Future of Feminism"}],"container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444818822490","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1461444818822490","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444818822490","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:47:58Z","timestamp":1777693678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1461444818822490"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,6]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1461444818822490"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444818822490","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-4448","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,6]]}}}