{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:22:35Z","timestamp":1777936955108,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]],"date-time":"2019-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Political elections see several actors rise to the fore in order to influence and inform voters. Increasingly, such processes take place on social media like Facebook, where media outlets and politicians alike utilize seek promote their respective agenda. Given the recent rise of so-called hyperpartisan media\u2014often described as purveyors of \u201cfake news\u201d\u2014and populist right-wing parties across a series of western contexts, this study details the degree to which these novel actors succeed in overtaking their more mainstream or indeed established competitors when it comes to audience engagement on the mentioned platform. Focusing on the one-month period leading up to the 2018 Swedish national elections, the study finds that right-wing actors across the media and the political sector are more successful in engaging their Facebook followers than their competitors. As audience engagement is a key factor for social media success, the study closes by providing a discussion on the repercussions for professionals within the media and the political sector.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444819887700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]],"date-time":"2019-11-15T06:41:22Z","timestamp":1573800082000},"page":"2108-2127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Right-wingers on the rise online: Insights from the 2018 Swedish elections"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3621-4687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders Olof","family":"Larsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","volume-title":"Populist Political Communication in Europe","author":"Aalberg T","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aalberg T, Esser F, Reinemann C, et al. (2017) Populist Political Communication in Europe. New York: Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1464884916636142"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","volume-title":"Alternative Media","author":"Atton C","year":"2001","unstructured":"Atton C (2001) Alternative Media. London: SAGE."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0267323197012002003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13183222.1998.11008681"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/105846099198596"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19331681.2014.994157"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Internet Research Handbook","author":"Bruns A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bruns A (2010) From reader to writer: citizen journalism as news produsage. In: Hunsinger J, Klastrup L, Allen M (eds) Internet Research Handbook. Dordrecht: Springer, pp. 119\u2013134."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Produsing Theory in a Digital World: The Intersection of Audiences and Production in Contemporary Theory","author":"Bruns A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bruns A, Highfield TJ (2012) Blogs, Twitter and breaking news: the produsage of citizen journalism. In: Lind RA (ed.) Produsing Theory in a Digital World: The Intersection of Audiences and Production in Contemporary Theory. New York: Peter Lang, pp. 15\u201332."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-322-89613-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444818769689"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2011.566931"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J (1988) Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444805050745"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2014.937149"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","unstructured":"Crouch D (2015) Sweden slams shut its open-door policy towards refugees. The Guardian 24 November. Available at: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2015\/nov\/24\/sweden-asylum-seekers-refugees-policy-reversal"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","unstructured":"CrowdTangle Team (2019) CrowdTangle. Menlo Park CA: Facebook. Available at: https:\/\/www.crowdtangle.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","volume-title":"The Fringe Insurgency: Connectivity, Convergence and Mainstreaming of the Extreme Right","author":"Davey J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Davey J, Ebner J (2017) The Fringe Insurgency: Connectivity, Convergence and Mainstreaming of the Extreme Right. London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1940161218790035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1464884905056815"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2016.1152557"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","first-page":"1745","article-title":"Working within a black box: transparency in the collection and production of big Twitter data","volume":"8","author":"Driscoll K","year":"2014","unstructured":"Driscoll K, Walker S (2014) Working within a black box: transparency in the collection and production of big Twitter data. International Journal of Communication 8: 1745\u20131764.","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2016.1207697"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0267323116682802"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0267323199014003001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","volume-title":"Mediesverige 2016","author":"Facht U","year":"2016","unstructured":"Facht U (2016) Mediesverige 2016. G\u00f6teborg: Nordicom."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305116662179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","volume-title":"Measuring the Reach of \u201cFake News\u201d and Online Disinformation in Europe","author":"Fletcher R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fletcher R, Cornia A, Graves L, et al. (2018) Measuring the Reach of \u201cFake News\u201d and Online Disinformation in Europe (Fact Sheets). Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1461670X.2016.1265896"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","unstructured":"Gardiner B Mansfield M Anderson I et al. (2016) The dark side of Guardian comments. The Guardian 12 April. Available at: https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2016\/apr\/12\/the-dark-side-of-guardian-comments"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262035309.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Social Media, Politics and the State: Protests, Revolutions, Riots, Crime and Policing in the Age of Facebook, Twitter and YouTube","author":"Gerbaudo P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gerbaudo P (2014) Populism 2.0: social media activism, the generic Internet user and interactive direct democracy. In: Trottier D, Fuchs C (eds) Social Media, Politics and the State: Protests, Revolutions, Riots, Crime and Policing in the Age of Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. London: Routledge, pp. 67\u201387."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19331681.2014.903064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19331680801979070"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2012.01574.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19331680903316742"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1012807.1012808"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7312\/hawl18512"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2013.808456"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17645\/mac.v6i4.1467"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","first-page":"42","volume-title":"Tidsskriftet Politik","author":"Holt K","year":"2017","unstructured":"Holt K, Haller A (2017) What does \u201cL\u00fcgenpresse\u201d mean? Expressions of media distrust on PEGIDA\u2019s Facebook pages. Tidsskriftet Politik 20: 42\u201357."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","unstructured":"International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) (2019) Europe: voter turnout by country. Available at: https:\/\/www.idea.int\/data-tools\/continent-view\/Europe\/40?st=all#rep (accessed 20 August 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6765.2006.00690.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","author":"Kalsnes B","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kalsnes B (2016) The power of likes: social media logic and political communication. Doctoral Thesis, Department of Media and Communication, University of Oslo, Oslo.","journal-title":"The power of likes: social media logic and political communication"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444814522952"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10584609.2017.1364814"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19331681.2016.1266981"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01972243.2012.689272"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v19i4.4897"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2014.967269"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354856515577891"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077699019831439."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","volume-title":"The Pro-Am Revolution: How Enthusiasts Are Changing Our Society and Economy","author":"Leadbeater C","year":"2004","unstructured":"Leadbeater C, Miller P (2004) The Pro-Am Revolution: How Enthusiasts Are Changing Our Society and Economy. New York: Demos."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19331681.2012.758071"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0267323111416182"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","first-page":"329","article-title":"Polarisation in political Twitter conversations","volume":"66","author":"Lorentzen DG","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lorentzen DG (2014) Polarisation in political Twitter conversations. Aslib Proceedings 66(3): 329\u2013341.","journal-title":"Aslib Proceedings"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","volume-title":"ECPR joint sessions of workshops","author":"Margetts H","year":"2001","unstructured":"Margetts H (2001) The cyber party: the causes and consequences of organisational innovation in European political parties. In: ECPR joint sessions of workshops, Grenoble, 6\u201311 April. Colchester: ECPR."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","unstructured":"Mohdin A (2016) The most refugee-friendly country in Europe is growing weary. Quartz 7 September. Available at: https:\/\/qz.com\/774427\/the-most-refugee-friendly-country-in-europe-is- growing-weary\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","unstructured":"Montells L (2017) What is Facebook Edgerank or how Facebook algorithm works. Available at: https:\/\/metricool.com\/what-is-facebook-edgerank-or-how-facebook-algorithm-works\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Beppe Grillo\u2019s Five Star Movement: Organisation, Communication and Ideology","author":"Mosca L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mosca L, Vaccari C, Valeriani A (2015) An Internet-fuelled party? The Movimento 5 Stelle and the web. In: Tronconi F (ed.) Beppe Grillo\u2019s Five Star Movement: Organisation, Communication and Ideology. Farnham: Ashgate, pp. 127\u2013151."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1477-7053.2004.00135.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15377857.2018.1491439."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_1","volume-title":"Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2018","author":"Newman N","year":"2018","unstructured":"Newman N, Fletcher R, Kalogeropoulos A, et al. (2018) Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2018. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_1","first-page":"2333","article-title":"Do people \u201clike\u201d politicians on Facebook? Not really. Large-scale direct candidate-to-voter online communication as an outlier phenomenon","volume":"7","author":"Nielsen RK","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nielsen RK, Vaccari C (2013) Do people \u201clike\u201d politicians on Facebook? Not really. Large-scale direct candidate-to-voter online communication as an outlier phenomenon. International Journal of Communication 7: 2333\u20132356.","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_1","unstructured":"Nyberg P Masters J (2017) Sweden terror suspect \u201cconfesses\u201d to Stockholm attack. CNN 11 April. Available at: https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2017\/04\/11\/europe\/stockholm-terror-attack-rakhmat-akilov\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17512786.2019.1577697"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444816656338"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14614440222226244"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_70_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Doing it together: citizen participation in the professional news making process","volume":"1","author":"Paulussen S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Paulussen S, Heinonen A, Domingo D, et al. (2007) Doing it together: citizen participation in the professional news making process. Observatorio (OBS*) Journal 1(3): 131\u2013154.","journal-title":"Observatorio (OBS*) Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17645\/mac.v6i4.1519"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2464464.2464475"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_1","first-page":"316","volume-title":"The West European Party System","author":"Sartori G","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sartori G (1990) A typology of party systems. In: Mair P (ed.) The West European Party System. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 316\u2013350."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijpor\/edv014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_1","unstructured":"Socialbakers (2013) Understanding & increasing Facebook Edgerank. Available at: http:\/\/www.socialbakers.com\/blog\/1304-understanding-increasing-facebook-edgerank"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444812470612"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv65swsg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2017.1360143"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_1","volume-title":"The Third Wave","author":"Toffler A","year":"1980","unstructured":"Toffler A (1980) The Third Wave. New York: Bantam Books."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077699016654682"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.fp.8200139"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23808985.2017.1288551"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17645\/mac.v1i1.70"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcc4.12023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2011.01616.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/422412"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444817744390"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19331680903048832"}],"container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444819887700","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1461444819887700","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444819887700","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:49:13Z","timestamp":1777693753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1461444819887700"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1461444819887700"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444819887700","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-4448","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]]}}}