{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T18:36:06Z","timestamp":1783449366499,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Populism, as many have observed, is a communication phenomenon as much as a coherent ideology whose mass appeal stems from the fiery articulation of core positions, notably hostility toward \u201cothers,\u201d bias against elites in favor of \u201cthe people,\u201d and the transgressive delivery of those messages. Yet much of what we know about populist communication is based on analysis of candidate pronouncements, the verbal message conveyed at political events and over social media, rather than transgressive performances\u2014the visual and tonal markers of outrage\u2014that give populism its distinctive flair. The present study addresses this gap in the literature by using detailed verbal, tonal, and nonverbal coding of the first US presidential debate of 2016 between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton to show how Trump\u2019s transgressive style\u2014his violation of normative boundaries, particularly those related to protocol and politeness, and open displays of frustration and anger\u2014can be operationalized from a communication standpoint and used in statistical modeling to predict the volume of Twitter response to both candidates during the debate. Our findings support the view that Trump\u2019s norm-violating transgressive style, a type of political performance, resonated with viewers significantly more than Clinton\u2019s more controlled approach and garnered Trump substantial second-screen attention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444819893984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T02:08:41Z","timestamp":1585879721000},"page":"634-658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Performing populism: Trump\u2019s transgressive debate style and the dynamics of Twitter response"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4925-2244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik P","family":"Bucy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Tech University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan M","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0771-1070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josephine","family":"Lukito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6763-628X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa","family":"Doroshenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhavan V","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon CW","family":"Pevehouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1126-9799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1461444819893984","volume-title":"Populist Political Communication in Europe","author":"Aalberg T","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr2-1461444819893984","volume-title":"Performance and Power","author":"Alexander JC","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr3-1461444819893984","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461445612454074"},{"key":"bibr4-1461444819893984","volume-title":"The New Face of Digital Populism","author":"Bartlett J","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr5-1461444819893984","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pops.12351"},{"key":"bibr6-1461444819893984","unstructured":"B\u00e9d\u00e9\u00ef J-P (2017). 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