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This article examines how interactions between candidate communications, social media, partisan media, and news media combined to shape attention to Trump, Clinton, Cruz, and Sanders during the 2015\u20132016 American presidential primary elections. We identify six major components of the American media system and measure candidates\u2019 efforts to gain attention from them. Our results demonstrate that social media activity, in the form of retweets of candidate posts, provided a significant boost to news media coverage of Trump, but no comparable boost for other candidates. Furthermore, Trump tweeted more at times when he had recently garnered less of a relative advantage in news attention, suggesting he strategically used Twitter to trigger coverage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444819893987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T02:08:41Z","timestamp":1585879721000},"page":"659-682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Trump, Twitter, and news media responsiveness: A media systems approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1126-9799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Wells","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhavan","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0771-1070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josephine","family":"Lukito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayellet","family":"Pelled","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon CW","family":"Pevehouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JungHwan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1461444819893987","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1464884911415972"},{"key":"bibr2-1461444819893987","volume-title":"Rebuilding the News: Metropolitan Journalism in the Digital Age","author":"Anderson CW","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr3-1461444819893987","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2017.1348533"},{"key":"bibr4-1461444819893987","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107769900508200208"},{"key":"bibr5-1461444819893987","volume-title":"The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and the New Incivility","author":"Berry JM","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr6-1461444819893987","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10584609.2011.564605"},{"key":"bibr7-1461444819893987","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15205436.2018.1492727"},{"key":"bibr8-1461444819893987","author":"Bump P","year":"2017","journal-title":"Assessing a Clinton Argument that the Media Helped to Elect Trump"},{"key":"bibr9-1461444819893987","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195090635.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr10-1461444819893987","volume-title":"Actors, Athletes and Astronauts","author":"Canon DT","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr11-1461444819893987","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190696726.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr12-1461444819893987","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcc4.12124"},{"key":"bibr13-1461444819893987","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1940161218790035"},{"key":"bibr14-1461444819893987","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107769907605300306"},{"key":"bibr15-1461444819893987","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2016.1207697"},{"key":"bibr16-1461444819893987","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2017.1328525"},{"key":"bibr17-1461444819893987","author":"Esser F","year":"2016","journal-title":"Populist Political Communication in Europe"},{"key":"bibr18-1461444819893987","unstructured":"Faris RM, Roberts H, Etling B, et al. 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