{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:23:21Z","timestamp":1777937001556,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577059200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and the European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018-093303-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-093303-B-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent media attention aimed at migrant caravans at the US\u2013Mexico border has increased interest from different actors in the political and social spheres. Parallel to traditional and mainstream media, social media has become the prime context where narratives about the border develop, molding broader societal perspectives on the immigration issue. Through a content and discourse analysis of 105 posts connected by the #MigrantCaravan or #CaravanaMigrante hashtags, we delved into how media representations of immigration on Instagram effectively establish otherness between the different characters involved in this phenomenon. The border wall emerges as one of the main components in these narratives and a symbol of the temporal and spatial stages of the migratory journey. Meanwhile, the voice of the main character, the migrant, is mostly absent, often conveyed through biased views, filtered by the opinions of posters about immigration and characterized by new narrative configurations enabled by the Instagram format.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444819894241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]],"date-time":"2019-12-23T08:38:04Z","timestamp":1577090284000},"page":"121-141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["#MigrantCaravan: The border wall and the establishment of otherness on Instagram"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8372-0107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Jaramillo-Dent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Huelva, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Amor","family":"P\u00e9rez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Huelva, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1461444819894241","volume-title":"White Backlash: Immigration, Race, and American Politics","author":"Abrajano M","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr2-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson B, Sharma N, Wright C (2009) Editorial: why no borders? Refugee: Canada\u2019s Journal on Refugees 26: 5\u201318. Retrieved from http:\/\/bit.ly\/2QdGdgl","DOI":"10.25071\/1920-7336.32074"},{"key":"bibr3-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444818777514"},{"key":"bibr4-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139034326"},{"key":"bibr5-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14790718.2018.1500257"},{"key":"bibr6-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6765.2009.01831.x"},{"key":"bibr7-1461444819894241","volume-title":"Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste","author":"Bourdieu P","year":"1984"},{"key":"bibr8-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2012.678878"},{"key":"bibr9-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1477370816640136"},{"key":"bibr10-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15205436.2015.1068811"},{"key":"bibr11-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12795\/pixelbit.2018.i52.12"},{"key":"bibr12-1461444819894241","unstructured":"Campbell KM (2015) A dry hate: white supremacy and anti-immigrant rhetoric in the humanitarian crisis on the U.S.Mexico border. West Virginia Law Review 117(3). Available at: https:\/\/researchrepository.wvu.edu\/wvlr\/vol117\/iss3\/9 (accessed 11 October 2019)."},{"key":"bibr13-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520925250"},{"key":"bibr14-1461444819894241","first-page":"48","volume-title":"Border Rhetorics: Citizenship and identity on the US-Mexico Frontier","author":"Chavez LR","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr15-1461444819894241","unstructured":"Cillufo A, Fry R (2019) An Early Look at the 2020 Electorate. Pew Research Center. Available at: https:\/\/pewrsr.ch\/2GZyfod (accessed 8 October 2019)."},{"key":"bibr16-1461444819894241","volume-title":"Unauthorized: Portraits of Latino Immigrants","author":"Clark-Ibanez M","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr17-1461444819894241","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Border Rhetorics: Citizenship and Identity on the US-Mexico Frontier","author":"DeChaine R","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr18-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/jlac.5.2.06dem"},{"key":"bibr19-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ia\/iix161"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr20-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6237.2011.00797.x","volume":"92","author":"Dunaway J","year":"2011","journal-title":"Social Science Quarterly"},{"key":"bibr21-1461444819894241","volume-title":"Moral Education","author":"Durkheim E","year":"1961"},{"key":"bibr22-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764215573256"},{"key":"bibr23-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203095133"},{"key":"bibr24-1461444819894241","unstructured":"Friese S (2013) Atlas.ti 7 User Manual. Atlas.ti Scientific Software Development. Available at: http:\/\/bit.ly\/2VejQbw"},{"key":"bibr25-1461444819894241","unstructured":"Gibbons-Neff T, Cooper H (2018) Inside the United States: the military waits for the migrant caravan. The New York Times, 10 November. Available at: https:\/\/nyti.ms\/2T2XEkA"},{"key":"bibr26-1461444819894241","volume-title":"The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research","author":"Glaser B","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr27-1461444819894241","unstructured":"Greer C, Jewkes Y (2005) Extremes of otherness: media images of social exclusion. Social Justice 32(1(99)): 20\u201331. Available at: http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/29768287"},{"key":"bibr28-1461444819894241","unstructured":"Gruzd A (2016) Netlytic: Software for Automated Text and Social Network Analysis. Available at: http:\/\/netlytic.org\/"},{"key":"bibr29-1461444819894241","volume-title":"Sin garant\u00edas: trayectorias y problem\u00e1ticas en estudios culturales","author":"Hall S","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr30-1461444819894241","unstructured":"Hinsliff G (2019) How Instagram became politician\u2019s playground. The Guardian, 10 March. Available at: http:\/\/bit.ly\/2MxkamD"},{"key":"bibr31-1461444819894241","unstructured":"Holpuch A (2019) What exactly is Trump\u2019s border wall and why does he want $5.7bn for it? The Guardian, 15 January. Available at: https:\/\/bit.ly\/2VYIZIz"},{"key":"bibr32-1461444819894241","unstructured":"Horsti K (2007) Asylum seekers in the news: frames of illegality and control. Observatorio 1(1): 145\u2013161. Available at: http:\/\/bit.ly\/2HkNUNR"},{"key":"bibr33-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu Y, Manikoda L, Kambhampati S (2014) What we Instagram: a first analysis of Instagram photo content and user types. In: Proceedings of the eighth international AAAI conference on weblogs and social media, Ann Arbor, MI, 1\u20134 June 2014, pp. 595\u2013598. Palo Alto, CA: AAAI Press. Available at: http:\/\/bit.ly\/2LYV9Aw","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v8i1.14578"},{"key":"bibr34-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21565503.2018.1555094"},{"key":"bibr35-1461444819894241","volume-title":"Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide","author":"Jenkins H","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr36-1461444819894241","volume-title":"Spreadable Media: Creating Value and Meaning in a Networked Culture","author":"Jenkins H","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr37-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polgeo.2011.01.002"},{"key":"bibr38-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-60249-3_3"},{"key":"bibr39-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354856519863364"},{"key":"bibr40-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203884829"},{"key":"bibr41-1461444819894241","unstructured":"McCarthy J (2018) Immigration Up Sharply as most important U.S. problem. Gallup, 20 November. Available at: http:\/\/bit.ly\/2VMlbux"},{"key":"bibr42-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33182\/ml.v14i1.323"},{"key":"bibr43-1461444819894241","first-page":"108","volume-title":"The SAGE Handbook of Social Media Research Methods","author":"Mayr P","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr44-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764217701217"},{"key":"bibr45-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15377857.2017.1334254"},{"key":"bibr46-1461444819894241","unstructured":"Murphy H, Sevastopulo D (2019) Why US politicians are turning to Instagram ahead of 2020 election. Financial Times, 22 February. Available at: https:\/\/on.ft.com\/2HZQlXm"},{"key":"bibr47-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12235"},{"key":"bibr48-1461444819894241","volume-title":"Operation Gatekeeper: The Rise of the \u201cIllegal Alien\u201d and the Making of the US\u2013Mexico Boundary","author":"Nevins J","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr49-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08865655.2003.9695598"},{"key":"bibr50-1461444819894241","unstructured":"Newman N, Fletcher R, Kalogeropoulos A, et al. (2017) Reuters Institute digital news report 2017. Available at: http:\/\/bit.ly\/2w6UCSn"},{"key":"bibr51-1461444819894241","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Border Rhetorics: Citizenship and Identity on the US-Mexico Frontier","author":"Ono KA","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr52-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315696232"},{"key":"bibr53-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08865655.2017.1344105"},{"key":"bibr54-1461444819894241","unstructured":"Otherness (n.d.) In Merriam-Webster\u2019s collegiate dictionary. Available at: http:\/\/bit.ly\/2IUhpcl"},{"key":"bibr55-1461444819894241","first-page":"697","volume-title":"The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods","volume":"2","author":"Palys T","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr56-1461444819894241","unstructured":"Perrin A, Anderson M (2019) Share of U.S. Adults Using Social Media, Including Facebook, Is Mostly Unchanged Since 2018. Pew Research Center. Available at: https:\/\/pewrsr.ch\/2WTBSky (accessed 8 October 2019)."},{"key":"bibr57-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14649365.2015.1042400"},{"key":"bibr58-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781473984066.n24"},{"key":"bibr59-1461444819894241","volume-title":"Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World","author":"Said EW","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr60-1461444819894241","volume-title":"The Construction of Social Reality","author":"Searle JR","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr61-1461444819894241","unstructured":"Shearer E, Grieco E (2019) Americans Are Wary of the Role Social Media Sites Play in Delivering the News. Pew Research Center. Available at: https:\/\/pewrsr.ch\/2mTXT6k (accessed 16 October 2019)."},{"key":"bibr62-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1386\/fspc.4.3.365_1"},{"key":"bibr63-1461444819894241","unstructured":"Statista (2018) Instagram monthly active users from January 2013 to June 2018 (in millions). Available at: http:\/\/bit.ly\/2Kh5yqs"},{"key":"bibr64-1461444819894241","volume-title":"The Third Wave","author":"Toffler A","year":"1980"},{"key":"bibr65-1461444819894241","volume-title":"Antisocial Media: How Facebook Disconnects Us and Undermines Democracy","author":"Vaidhyanathan S","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr66-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764213479375"},{"key":"bibr67-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0163443708098245"},{"key":"bibr68-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17482798.2017.1304970"},{"key":"bibr69-1461444819894241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1472586022000005053"},{"key":"bibr70-1461444819894241","unstructured":"Zurcher A (2019) Government shutdown: Trump appeals to US TV audience over wall. BBC News, 8 January. Available at: https:\/\/bbc.in\/2M4jNMB"}],"container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444819894241","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1461444819894241","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1461444819894241","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:49:25Z","timestamp":1777693765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1461444819894241"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1461444819894241"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444819894241","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-4448","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,23]]}}}