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Using the collective effort model and heuristics of social influence, this study examines the influence of streamer and viewer behaviors on viewers\u2019 participation and financial commitment on the SLSS, Twitch.tv. Findings from behavioral data collected over 7\u2009weeks show larger audiences diminish individual participation and financial commitment while moderation may encourage more. Female streamers benefit from increased moderation, earning two to three times more in financial commitment compared to men, who streamed more frequently and for longer durations but attracted much smaller audiences. Viewers\u2019 participation and financial commitment did not differ across streams with more content diversity. Our results demonstrate how group factors influence individual participation and financial commitment in newer subscription-based media.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448211069996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]],"date-time":"2022-01-16T13:09:36Z","timestamp":1642338576000},"page":"859-881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Audience size, moderator activity, gender, and content diversity: Exploring user participation and financial commitment on Twitch.tv"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9337-9117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace H","family":"Wolff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1645-8211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cuihua","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Davis, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-14614448211069996","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/60.2.255"},{"key":"bibr2-14614448211069996","unstructured":"Br\u00fcndl S, Matt C, Hess T (2017) Consumer use of social live streaming services: the influence of co-experience and effectance on enjoyment. 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