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To bridge disciplinary boundaries, identify foci of analysis and research gaps, this study provides an interdisciplinary systematic literature review (2007\u20132020), analyzing current research on conspiracy theorizing online, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Findings show that the majority of studies lack a definition of conspiracy theories and fail to conceptually delineate conspiracy theories from other forms of deceptive content. We also found that while the field employs a variety of methodological approaches, most studies have focused on individual, \u201cmainstream\u201d social media platforms, \u201cWestern\u201d countries, English-language communication, and single conspiracy theories. We use the findings of our review to remedy conceptual and empirical shortcomings and to provide suggestions on how to move forward in research on conspiracy theories online.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448221075759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T06:30:01Z","timestamp":1644301801000},"page":"1781-1801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Conspiracy theories in online environments: An interdisciplinary literature review and agenda for future research"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5330-6885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Mahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0847-7503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mike S.","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329172000224X"},{"key":"bibr2-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0392192116669288"},{"key":"bibr3-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-954X.2000.tb03524.x"},{"key":"bibr4-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1329878X20946113"},{"key":"bibr5-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0392192116669289"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr6-14614448221075759","first-page":"351","volume":"29","author":"Choi BCK","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical and Investigative Medicine"},{"key":"bibr7-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004931032002001"},{"key":"bibr8-14614448221075759","volume-title":"The Fear of Conspiracy: Images of Un-American Subversion from the Revolution to the Present","author":"Davis DB","year":"1971"},{"key":"bibr9-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190844073.003.0021"},{"key":"bibr10-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pops.12568"},{"key":"bibr11-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23808985.2019.1602782"},{"key":"bibr12-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10669920802172353"},{"key":"bibr13-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1378"},{"key":"bibr14-14614448221075759","volume-title":"The Paranoid Style in American Politics and Other Essays","author":"Hofstadter R","year":"1965"},{"key":"bibr15-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2009.09.011"},{"key":"bibr16-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2564659"},{"key":"bibr17-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/mfs.1999.0052"},{"key":"bibr18-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20563051211017482"},{"key":"bibr19-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439320965107"},{"key":"bibr20-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963662520924259"},{"key":"bibr21-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-015-1765-5"},{"key":"bibr22-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0267323120922066"},{"key":"bibr23-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-39627-5_3"},{"key":"bibr24-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9760.2008.00325.x"},{"key":"bibr25-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.1583"},{"key":"bibr26-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448211045666"},{"key":"bibr27-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-017-0014-3"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr28-14614448221075759","first-page":"233","volume":"3","author":"Uscinski JE","year":"2018","journal-title":"Argumenta"},{"key":"bibr29-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448211045662"},{"key":"bibr30-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315525419"},{"key":"bibr31-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1750698017701615"},{"key":"bibr32-14614448221075759","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1461670X.2018.1492881"},{"key":"bibr33-14614448221075759","unstructured":"Wardle C, Derakhshan H (2017) Information Disorder: Toward an Interdisciplinary Framework for Research and Policy Making. 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