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Findings show that transnational public spheres can emerge out of relatively homogeneous moments internal to networks and external to networks (i.e. across multiple networks) at the intersection of certain actors and topics, cultural practices, and commercial and non-commercial (state) institutions. Yet there are persistent divisions along language, geographic, and other lines that encourage the formation of distinct micro-spheres of networked actors (internal heterogeneity), as well as distinct media practices that work to differentiate mass media networks from networks produced by a different set of publics on social media (external heterogeneity).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448221081426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]],"date-time":"2022-03-17T07:45:33Z","timestamp":1647503133000},"page":"2066-2091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["How do transnational public spheres emerge? Comparing news and social media networks during the Madrid climate talks"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2980-3838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Neff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leicester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3745-7931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Jemielniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kozminski University, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446211908.n10"},{"key":"bibr2-14614448221081426","volume-title":"Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity","author":"Beck U","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr3-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190923624.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr4-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2295953"},{"key":"bibr5-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12108-009-9071-4"},{"key":"bibr6-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51983\/ajcst-2019.8.S2.2037"},{"key":"bibr7-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511978586"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr8-14614448221081426","first-page":"35","volume":"19","author":"Bruell C","year":"2012","journal-title":"Javnost"},{"key":"bibr9-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107706033"},{"key":"bibr10-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203858295"},{"key":"bibr11-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10584600590933188"},{"key":"bibr12-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01292986.2018.1466343"},{"key":"bibr13-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2017.1303076"},{"key":"bibr14-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1386\/macp.3.1.47_1"},{"key":"bibr15-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1464884917713791"},{"key":"bibr16-14614448221081426","volume-title":"Media Meets Climate: The Global Challenge for Journalism","author":"Eide E","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr17-14614448221081426","volume-title":"Global Climate\u2014Local Journalisms: A Transnational Study of How Media Make Sense of Climate Summits","author":"Eide E","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr18-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1750635218776560"},{"key":"bibr19-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/poq\/nfw006"},{"key":"bibr20-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/466240"},{"key":"bibr21-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0263276407080090"},{"key":"bibr22-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12212"},{"key":"bibr23-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info10090277"},{"key":"bibr24-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09644010701251656"},{"key":"bibr25-14614448221081426","volume-title":"Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere","author":"Habermas J","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr26-14614448221081426","volume-title":"Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy","author":"Habermas J","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr27-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2885.2006.00280.x"},{"key":"bibr28-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/487737"},{"key":"bibr29-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315668734","volume-title":"Journalism and Climate Crisis: Public Engagement, Media Alternatives","author":"Hackett RA","year":"2017"},{"key":"bibr30-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/228951"},{"key":"bibr31-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v8i1.14550"},{"key":"bibr32-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198839705.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr33-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-06091-0_31-1"},{"key":"bibr34-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203380642"},{"key":"bibr35-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2015.1096619"},{"key":"bibr36-14614448221081426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10714429509388247"},{"key":"bibr37-14614448221081426","unstructured":"Kuchar J, Codina J (2020) MultimodeNetworksTransformationPlugin. 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