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Sloan Foundation Digital Infrastructure Research","award":["G-2018-11361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G-2018-11361"]}]},{"name":"Ford Foundation Digital Infrastructure Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The global economy\u2019s digital infrastructure is based on free and open source software. To analyse how firms indirectly collaborate via employee contributions to developer-run projects, we propose a formal definition of \u2018industrial public goods\u2019 \u2013 inter-firm cooperation, volunteer and paid labour overlap, and participation inequality. We verify its empirical robustness by collecting networks of commits made by firm employees to active GitHub software repositories. Despite paid workers making more contributions, volunteers play a significant role. 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We highlight the challenge posed by \u2018Big Tech\u2019 to the non-rival status of industrial public goods, thanks to cloud-based systems which resist sharing, and suggest there may be \u2018contribution deserts\u2019 neglected by large information technology firms, despite their importance for the open source ecosystem\u2019s sustainability and diversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448221090474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T06:15:37Z","timestamp":1651040137000},"page":"2556-2592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Co-producing industrial public goods on GitHub: Selective firm cooperation, volunteer-employee labour and participation inequality"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3537-9036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathieu","family":"O\u2019Neil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canberra, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laure","family":"Muselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3, T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1708-7304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canberra, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4576-136X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Zacchiroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LTCI, T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/25148845"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akond Rahman A Krishna R Sobran A et al. 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