{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:25:17Z","timestamp":1777937117449,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]],"date-time":"2023-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.sagepub.com\/licence-information-for-chorus"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]],"date-time":"2022-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000183","name":"Army Research Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W911NF1910066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911NF1910066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000183","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007187","name":"lincoln laboratory, massachusetts institute of technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PO7000506684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PO7000506684"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007187","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study explores how disinformation can dampen general users\u2019 expressions of opinion online. In the context of a proven disinformation case in South Korea, this study analyzes externally validated click-logs of 1389 fake accounts and more than a million logs of 45,769 general users in a highly popular web portal. Findings show that the inflated visibility of anti-governmental opinions in the manipulated comment space was incongruent with the overall political tone that general users had spontaneously encountered from the broader media ecosystem beyond the manipulated space. Subsequently, this opinion \u201cclimate\u201d incongruence decreased the likelihood of commenting in the manipulated space. The study concludes that false amplification (of the opinions that the manipulators promote) and false diminution (of general users\u2019 political expressions) work in tandem to create a distorted opinion environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448221099170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]],"date-time":"2022-06-11T06:55:23Z","timestamp":1654930523000},"page":"3252-3272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Fake thumbs in play: A large-scale exploration of false amplification and false diminution in online news comment spaces"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7414-6959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K Hazel","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9747-2888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang","family":"Pil Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sungho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badawy A Lerman K Ferrara E (2019) Who falls for online political manipulation? In: Companion proceedings of the 2019 World Wide Web conference San Francisco CA 13\u201317 May pp. 162\u2013168. New York: ACM. Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3308560.3316494","DOI":"10.1145\/3308560.3316494"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1906420116"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa1160"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439317734157"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10584609.2012.737422"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","volume-title":"Troops, Trolls and Troublemakers: A Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation","author":"Bradshaw S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bradshaw S, Howard P (2017) Troops, Trolls and Troublemakers: A Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation, vol. 2017.12. Oxford: Oxford Internet Institute."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","unstructured":"Bradshaw S Bailey H Howard PN (2021) Industrialized Disinformation: 2020 Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation (Computational Propaganda Research Project). Oxford: Oxford Internet Institute. Available at: https:\/\/demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk\/research\/posts\/industrialized-disinformation\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2010.01509.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","volume-title":"Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age","author":"Castells M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Castells M (2015) Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age. Maden, MA: Polity Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12104"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","volume-title":"Talking Together: Public Deliberation and Political Participation in America","author":"Cook FL","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cook FL, Carpini MXD (2009) Talking Together: Public Deliberation and Political Participation in America. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2872518.2889302"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439320914853."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau2706"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2016.1218526"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650211428608"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650207313159"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","unstructured":"Korea Press Foundation (2018) \ud3ec\ud138 \ub274\uc2a4\uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \ubc0f \ub313\uae00\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc778\ud130\ub137 \uc774\uc6a9\uc790 \uc778\uc2dd \uc870\uc0ac [Internet user survey about portal news and comments] (Media Issue 5). Available at: https:\/\/www.kpf.or.kr\/front\/board\/boardContentsView.do?board_id=292&contents_id=000344023C8F6EFF56DFBFE06B3439A5 (in Korean)"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","unstructured":"Korean Broadcasting System (2018) Police detain bloggers accused of rigging online comments. Available at: http:\/\/world.kbs.co.kr\/service\/news_view.htm?lang=e&Seq_Code=135509"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-014-0078-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-02-2017-0072"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19312458.2018.1430755"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650217745429"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","unstructured":"Messing S DeGregorio C Hillenbrand B et al. (2020) Facebook privacy-protected full URLs data set (Harvard Dataverse V6). Available at: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7910\/DVN\/TDOAPG"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107769900107800102"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077699013503162"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2007.00352.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","unstructured":"Newman N Fletcher R Kalogeropoulos A et al. (2019) Reuters Institute digital news report. Available at: https:\/\/ora.ox.ac.uk\/objects\/uuid:18c8f2eb-f616-481a-9dff-2a479b2801d0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","volume-title":"The Spiral of Silence: Public Opinion, Our Social Skin","author":"Noelle-Neumann E","year":"1993","unstructured":"Noelle-Neumann E (1993) The Spiral of Silence: Public Opinion, Our Social Skin. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444819851056"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.07.066"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1963192.1963301"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rauchfleisch A Kaiser J (2020) The False Positive Problem of Automatic Bot Detection in Social Science Research (No. 2020\u20133). Berkman Klein Center Research Publication. Available at: https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3565233","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3565233"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_1","volume-title":"Bit by Bit: Social Research in the Digital Age","author":"Salganik MJ","year":"2019","unstructured":"Salganik MJ (2019) Bit by Bit: Social Research in the Digital Age. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijpor\/eds022"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650219856510"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444816634054"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444820905068"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_1","unstructured":"Sun D (2018) Women\u2019s ice hockey unified South-North team tight public opinions. Hangyurae 17 January. Available at: http:\/\/www.hani.co.kr\/arti\/sports\/sports_general\/828236.html (in Korean)"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_1","unstructured":"Varol O Ferrara E Davis CA et al. (2017) Online human-bot interactions: detection estimation and characterization. Available at: https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1703.03107"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aap9559"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_1","unstructured":"Wang H (2020) Logistic regression for massive data with rare events. In: Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning PMLR 119: 9829\u20139836. Available at: http:\/\/proceedings.mlr.press\/v119\/wang20a.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.1080.0397"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2019.854"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190931407.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444815625942"}],"container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14614448221099170","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/14614448221099170","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14614448221099170","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14614448221099170","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T03:55:08Z","timestamp":1777694108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/14614448221099170"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/14614448221099170"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14614448221099170","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-4448","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]]}}}