{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T17:16:40Z","timestamp":1778001400139,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Social Media Collective at Microsoft Research New England"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005492","name":"Stanford University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Stanford Graduate Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Stanford Graduate Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9-Paris Institute for Advanced Study Chair on Major Social Changes"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Existing research emphasizes the precarity of workers engaged in the exchange of goods and services through digital platforms. Yet few studies have systematically examined how racial discrimination shapes the opportunities of platform workers. Here, we focus on influencers, or people who monetize content on social media platforms. Drawing on a mixed-method analysis of 1,082 posts crowdsourced by the @InfluencerPayGap Instagram account, we document three findings. First, while most influencers in our sample received monetary payment for sponsored campaigns, rates are significantly lower than expected based on industry estimates. Second, social media metrics are racialized to justify paying influencers of color less than white influencers. Third, influencers of color are less likely than white influencers to receive monetary compensation or succeed in their negotiations with brands. Contrary to the rhetoric of fairness and democratization promoted by digital platforms, these dynamics reproduce racial domination and undermine collective action among social media influencers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448231164995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T07:06:46Z","timestamp":1682752006000},"page":"7212-7235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The influencer pay gap: Platform labor meets racial capitalism"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7437-2013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ang\u00e8le","family":"Christin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9955-6070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingdan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-14614448231164995","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3404990"},{"key":"bibr2-14614448231164995","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691212845"},{"key":"bibr3-14614448231164995","volume-title":"Race after Technology: Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code","author":"Benjamin R","year":"2019"},{"key":"bibr4-14614448231164995","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20563051211003066"},{"key":"bibr5-14614448231164995","unstructured":"Bishop S (2021b) Name of the game. 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Available at: https:\/\/later.com\/blog\/instagram-influencers-costs (accessed 3 November 2021)."},{"key":"bibr11-14614448231164995","unstructured":"Carman A (2020) Black influencers are underpaid, and a new Instagram account is proving it. The Verge, 14 July. Available at: https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/21324116\/instagram-influencer-pay-gap-account-expose. 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Available at: https:\/\/www.adweek.com\/media\/creators-dont-know-how-to-access-instagram-fund\/ (accessed 24 August 2022)."},{"key":"bibr46-14614448231164995","volume-title":"Doing Visual Ethnography","author":"Pink S","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr47-14614448231164995","volume-title":"Platforms and Cultural Production","author":"Poell T","year":"2022"},{"key":"bibr48-14614448231164995","unstructured":"Porter J (2021) Instagram offers creators up to $35,000 to post videos to its TikTok clone. The Verge, 12 November. Available at: https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2021\/11\/12\/22777899\/instagram-reels-bonus-program-35000-dollars-creators-tiktok-competitors (accessed 24 August 2022)."},{"key":"bibr49-14614448231164995","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022216X00005836"},{"key":"bibr50-14614448231164995","unstructured":"Richardson R (2022) Instagram adds credits to ensure more Black creators are cited for their work. NBC News, 7 March. 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