{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T16:11:40Z","timestamp":1778775100115,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711324800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article explores three genres of TikTok content in which creators and users collaborate to re(direct) the value they create on-platform toward specific needs, people, and causes. Drawing from literatures on platform economies, user and creator labor, algorithmic imaginaries and resistance, and mutual aid, we used algorithmic ethnography to identify and define major genres of content, eventually creating a sample of 192 TikTok videos (including comments and metadata) and conducting a thematic analysis. The videos and practices shared the following themes: realizations of on-platform value, tactics oriented against platform logics and monetization programs, shared theories of value, and digital collaboration for a cause. We argue the genres constitute forms of algorithmic mutual aid, a practice unfolding in platform economies that demonstrates people\u2019s increased recognition of the value of their digital labor, and efforts to reorient platform logics of value, visibility, and compensation to care for one another.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448241238396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T03:14:51Z","timestamp":1711336491000},"page":"4071-4089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Taking back and giving back on TikTok: Algorithmic mutual aid in the platform economy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8560-4940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Maris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7591-3950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robyn","family":"Caplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0520-0218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hibby","family":"Thach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/csci.140"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Participations: dialogues on the participatory promise of contemporary culture and politics","volume":"8","author":"Andrejevic M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andrejevic M, Banks J, Campbell JE, et al. (2014) Participations: dialogues on the participatory promise of contemporary culture and politics. International Journal of Communication 8: 1089\u20131106.","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20563051221086241"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444819854731"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","unstructured":"Botella E (2019) TikTok admits it suppressed videos by disabled queer and fat creators. Slate. Available at: https:\/\/slate.com\/technology\/2019\/12\/tiktok-disabled-users-videos-suppressed.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18574\/nyu\/9781479820375.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","volume-title":"Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and beyond: From Production to Produsage","author":"Bruns A","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bruns A (2008) Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and beyond: From Production to Produsage. New York: Peter Lang."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2016.1154086"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315193434-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","unstructured":"Cambridge Dictionary (2023) TikToker. Available at: https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/us\/dictionary\/english\/tiktoker"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305120936636"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","first-page":"333","volume-title":"Pandemic Media","author":"Cho M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cho M (2020) Pandemic media: protest repertoires and K-pop\u2019s double visions. In: Keidl PD, Melamed L, Hediger V, et al. (eds) Pandemic Media. L\u00fcneburg: Meson Press, pp. 333\u2013342."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2057047320959850"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2021.1994624"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","volume-title":"Social Media Entertainment: The New Intersection of Hollywood and Silicon Valley","author":"Cunningham S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cunningham S, Craig D (2019) Social Media Entertainment: The New Intersection of Hollywood and Silicon Valley. New York: New York University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12987\/yale\/9780300218176.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5170-5_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19392397.2016.1242430"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","volume-title":"The Failure of Nonviolence","author":"Gelderloos P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gelderloos P (2015) The Failure of Nonviolence. Seattle, WA: Left Bank Books."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2014.987152"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","unstructured":"Grosser B (2014) What do metrics want? How quantification prescribes social interaction on Facebook. Computational Culture 4. Available at: http:\/\/computationalculture.net\/what-do-metrics-want\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/10858.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","volume-title":"Convergence Culture","author":"Jenkins H","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jenkins H (2006) Convergence Culture. New York: NYU Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3476046"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050157920952120"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klug D Steen E Yurechko K (2023) How algorithm awareness impacts algospeak use on TikTok. In: WWW \u201923 Companion. Available at: https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1145\/3543873.3587355","DOI":"10.1145\/3543873.3587355"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305117743350"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","first-page":"4819","article-title":"The imagined industry","volume":"15","author":"Maris E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maris E (2021) The imagined industry. International Journal of Communication 15: 4819\u20134839.","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","volume-title":"The Helping Tradition in the Black Family and Community","author":"Martin JM","year":"1985","unstructured":"Martin JM, Martin EP (1985) The Helping Tradition in the Black Family and Community. Washington, DC: NASW Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","unstructured":"Mendez M (2023) A TikTok watermelon filter raising money for Gaza highlights the platform\u2019s potential for fundraising. Time. Available at: https:\/\/time.com\/6335577\/watermelon-filter-for-good-tiktok-gaza-aid\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","unstructured":"O\u2019Flaherty K (2021) All the ways TikTok tracks you and how to stop it. Wired. Available at: https:\/\/www.wired.co.uk\/article\/tiktok-data-privacy"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","unstructured":"Pappas V (2020) A message to our Black community. TikTok. Available at: https:\/\/newsroom.tiktok.com\/en-us\/a-message-to-our-black-community"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305119879995"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","volume-title":"Platforms and Cultural Production","author":"Poell T","year":"2022","unstructured":"Poell T, Nieborg D, Duffy BE (2022) Platforms and Cultural Production. Cambridge: Polity."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16997\/book54.l"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003280705-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","unstructured":"Rosenblatt K (2021) Months after TikTok apologized to Black creators many say little has changed. NBC News. Available at: https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/pop-culture\/pop-culture-news\/months-after-tiktok-apologized-black-creators-many-say-little-has-n1256726"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444816629469"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","first-page":"1588","article-title":"What does the selfie say? Investigating a global phenomenon","volume":"9","author":"Senft TM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Senft TM, Baym NK (2015) What does the selfie say? Investigating a global phenomenon. International Journal of Communication 9: 1588\u20131606.","journal-title":"International Journal of Communication"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483378602"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01634437221104709"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","volume-title":"Mutual Aid: Building Solidarity during This Crisis (And the Next)","author":"Spade D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spade D (2020a) Mutual Aid: Building Solidarity during This Crisis (And the Next). London: Verso."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/01642472-7971139"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/01642472-18-2_63-33"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","volume-title":"Tumblr","author":"Tiidenberg K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tiidenberg K, Hendry NA, Abidin C (2021) Tumblr. Cambridge: Polity."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","unstructured":"TikTok (2023) Creator next. Creator Portal. Available at: https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/creators\/creator-portal\/en-us\/getting-paid-to-create\/creator-next\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","volume-title":"Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest","author":"Tufekci Z","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tufekci Z (2017) Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2019.1657162"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20563051231205596"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444814535194"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","volume-title":"The Age of Surveillance Capitalism","author":"Zuboff S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zuboff S (2019) The Age of Surveillance Capitalism. New York: Public Affairs."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444820983603"}],"container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14614448241238396","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/14614448241238396","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14614448241238396","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:01:12Z","timestamp":1777694472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/14614448241238396"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/14614448241238396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14614448241238396","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-4448","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]]}}}