{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:28:38Z","timestamp":1777937318431,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716249600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Gaming and esports communities possess cultural barriers that exclude potential participants, limiting their access to social, cultural, and economic opportunities. In the United States, for instance, varsity esports players are increasingly supported by scholarships and tournament prizes, but persistent challenges make these benefits accessible to only a limited portion of the student body. Using a grounded theory analysis of 31 in-depth interviews with collegiate esports players, administrators, and student workers, this study examines perceived barriers and their (in)visibility to different participants. We find that gender and race are readily acknowledged, while other identities (age, physical ability, etc.) are overlooked. Moreover, visibility did not necessarily correlate with meaningful strategies for inclusion. While collegiate esports could be a welcoming and equitable environment, these findings suggest it will not be so until\n                    <jats:italic>all<\/jats:italic>\n                    hurdles are (1) made visible and (2) addressed relative to a university\u2019s own student body composition.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448241252919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T07:39:20Z","timestamp":1716277160000},"page":"5369-5389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["In\/visible hurdles: US collegiate esports participants\u2019 perceived barriers to play and involvement"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7338-9470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew J","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oregon, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7553-6641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Cote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan State University, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6499-4372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxwell","family":"Foxman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oregon, USA"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Houston-Clear Lake, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0757-814X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jared","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology Vietnam, Vietnam"}]},{"given":"Onder","family":"Can","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oregon, USA"}]},{"given":"Md Waseq Ur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oregon, USA"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3270316.3271545"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-7998-7069-2.ch013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/9781478002772"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10646175.2013.835600"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003271772-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2018.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412020939873"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","first-page":"1854","article-title":"Being played: games culture and Asian American dis\/identifications","volume":"16","author":"Chan D","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chan D (2009) Being played: games culture and Asian American dis\/identifications. Refractory: A Journal of Entertainment Media 16: 1854.","journal-title":"Refractory: A Journal of Entertainment Media"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1527476416643765"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Church B (2022) The game boosting diversity in esports and creating role models for the next generation. CNN Cable News Network 1 February. Available at: https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2022\/02\/01\/sport\/valorant-esports-women-diversity-spt-intl\/index.html (accessed 3 December 2022).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSTSN53084.2022.9761356"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv3dnq9f"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18574\/nyu\/9781479838523.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jege.2022-0031"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crenshaw K (1989) Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: a black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum. Available at: http:\/\/chicagounbound.uchicago.edu\/uclf\/vol1989\/iss1\/8 (accessed 21 March 2019).","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429500480-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","unstructured":"Dodd C (2022) Shenandoah hosts esports tournament for vets and active military members. The Northern Virginia Daily The Northern Virginia Daily. Available at: https:\/\/www.nvdaily.com\/nvdaily\/shenandoah-hosts-esports-tournament-for-vets-and-active-military-members\/article_45c2e843-2bb9-526e-bb77-b072965cca6b.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jcr\/ucac046"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","volume-title":"Games of Empire: Global Capitalism and Video Games","author":"Dyer-Witheford N","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dyer-Witheford N, De Peuter GS (2009) Games of Empire: Global Capitalism and Video Games. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13548565221138761"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18574\/nyu\/9781479884360.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19496591.2019.1662796"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","volume-title":"The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research","author":"Glaser BG","year":"1967","unstructured":"Glaser BG, Strauss AL (1967) The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. New York: Aldine Publishing Company."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","volume-title":"Intersectional Tech: Black Users in Digital Gaming","author":"Gray KL","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gray KL (2020) Intersectional Tech: Black Users in Digital Gaming. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24704067.2021.1871858"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003271772"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18666\/JASM-2018-V10-I1-8469"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03906701.2022.2133407"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19357397.2017.1316001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137305107"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","unstructured":"Kumar S Kwan E Weststar J et al. (eds) (2022) Developer Satisfaction Survey 2021: Diversity in the Game Industry Report. Sacramento CA: IGDA International Game Developers Association. Available at: https:\/\/igda.org\/dss\/ (accessed 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JBS-07-2020-0159"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","volume-title":"Qualitative Communication Research Methods","author":"Lindlof TR","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lindlof TR, Taylor BC (2002) Qualitative Communication Research Methods. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcom.12237"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444815608807"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","unstructured":"Maye AA (2023) The Supreme Court\u2019s ban on affirmative action means colleges will struggle to meet goals of diversity and equal opportunity. Economic Policy Institute. Available at: https:\/\/www.epi.org\/blog\/the-supreme-courts-ban-on-affirmative-action-means-colleges-will-struggle-to-meet-goals-of-diversity-and-equal-opportunity\/ (accessed 19 March 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","volume-title":"Esports in Higher Education: Fostering Successful Student-Athletes and Successful Programs","author":"McClellan GS","year":"2020","unstructured":"McClellan GS, Arnett RS, Hueber CM (2020) Esports in Higher Education: Fostering Successful Student-Athletes and Successful Programs. Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/9780822393726"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctt2005rgq.19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/10021.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/13837.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444818814252"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5749\/j.ctt2204rbz"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412014567228"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-soc-071913-043152"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-66077-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-017-0574-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jis.2016-0011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26503\/todigra.v4i3.97"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56021\/9781421438405"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15295036.2020.1813901"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08838151.2022.2100376"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444809105354"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","unstructured":"Wilson J (2022) Newzoo: esports revenues will hit $1.38B in 2022. Sports Business Journal 19 April. Available at: https:\/\/www.sportsbusinessjournal.com\/Esports\/Sections\/Finance\/2022\/04\/Newzoo-Esports-Report-2022-Revenues-Livestreaming-Co-Streaming.aspx (accessed 17 November 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","unstructured":"Wong M (2022) Collegiate esports done right: the case for University Rocket League. Available at: https:\/\/www.esports.net\/news\/rocket-league-collegiate-esports-done-right\/ (accessed 2022)."}],"container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14614448241252919","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/14614448241252919","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14614448241252919","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:01:38Z","timestamp":1777694498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/14614448241252919"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/14614448241252919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14614448241252919","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-4448","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]]}}}