{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T01:16:58Z","timestamp":1780363018314,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["324344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["324344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Recent decades have seen the proliferation of digital music production technologies, led by digital audio workstations (DAWs) such as\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pro Tools<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Live<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The companies behind them, including Avid and Ableton, resemble music distributors in their ongoing process of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">platformization<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2014that is, in making themselves the foundation of an increasing range of interactions and transactions. The article discusses economic, social, and cultural aspects of platformization before zooming in on key DAW enterprises and the ways in which they have extended their presence across adjacent markets, including record production, live performance, audiovisual media, instrument manufacturing, sample sales, and music education. These companies have gone beyond selling tools to reorganizing the music industry and rearticulating what is needed to prevail in it, thereby intervening in labor market relations in ways that should not remain hidden \u201cbackstage.\u201d\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448241304660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T05:11:38Z","timestamp":1733893898000},"page":"1063-1080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The platformization of music production: How digital audio workstations are turned into platforms of labor market relations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7864-3335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yngvar","family":"Kjus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","unstructured":"Ableton (2024a) Ableton\u2019s blog. Available at: www.ableton.com\/en\/blog (accessed September 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","unstructured":"Ableton (2024b) Ableton\u2019s loop program. Available at: https:\/\/loop.ableton.com (accessed September 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","unstructured":"Ableton (2024c) Ableton\u2019s training program. Available at: www.ableton.com\/en\/certified-training (accessed September 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1386\/ghhs_00045_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","unstructured":"Avid (2024a) Avid\u2019s educational offer. Available at: www.avid.com\/avid-for-education (accessed September 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","unstructured":"Avid (2024b) The presentation of Pro Tools. Available at: https:\/\/www.avid.com\/pro-tools (accessed September 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","unstructured":"BandLab (2024) The presentation of BandLab. Available at: https:\/\/www.bandlab.com (accessed September 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190296605.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190943301.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17510694.2020.1839702"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","volume-title":"Matchmakers: The New Economics of Multisided Platforms","author":"Evans DS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Evans DS, Schmalensee R (2016) Matchmakers: The New Economics of Multisided Platforms. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Review Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305119880177"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444809342738"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","volume-title":"Custodians of the Internet: Platforms, Content Moderation, and the Hidden Decisions That Shape Social Media","author":"Gillespie T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gillespie T (2018) Custodians of the Internet: Platforms, Content Moderation, and the Hidden Decisions That Shape Social Media. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203136225"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","volume-title":"Understanding Media Industries","author":"Havens T","year":"2012","unstructured":"Havens T, Lotz A (2012) Understanding Media Industries. Oxford: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","unstructured":"Ingham T (2023) Spotify wants 50 million creators on its platform by 2030. BandLab already has 60. Music Business Worldwide 30 January. Available at: https:\/\/www.musicbusinessworldwide.com\/spotify-wants-50-million-creators-bandlab-already-has-60-million\/ (accessed September 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5325\/jinfopoli.4.2014.0327"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17510694.2021.1939540"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17499755231202055"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","volume-title":"Perfecting Sound Forever: The Story of Recorded Music","author":"Milner G","year":"2009","unstructured":"Milner G (2009) Perfecting Sound Forever: The Story of Recorded Music. London: Granta."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305120940690"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444818769694"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","unstructured":"Oxford English Dictionary (2024) The definition of \u201cplatform.\u201d Available at: https:\/\/www.oed.com\/search\/dictionary\/?scope=Entries&q=platform (accessed September 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14763\/2019.4.1425"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2056305120933291"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03007766.2021.1972701"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5040\/9781780931463"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","volume-title":"The Craftsman","author":"Sennett R","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sennett R (2008) The Craftsman. London: Penguin."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","unstructured":"Sethi R (2018) Top 12 most popular DAWs (you voted for). Ask.Audio 17 April. Available at: https:\/\/ask.audio\/articles\/top-12-most-popular-daws-you-voted-for (accessed September 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","unstructured":"Soundtrap (2024) The presentation of soundtrap. Available at: https:\/\/www.soundtrap.com (accessed September 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","unstructured":"Stassen M (2023) Private equity firm STG closes acquisition of music tech firm Avid in $1.4BN cash deal. Music Business Worldwide 8 November. Available at: https:\/\/www.musicbusinessworldwide.com\/private-equity-firm-stg-closes-acquisition-of-music-tech-firm-avid-in-1-4bn-cash-deal1\/ (accessed September 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steinberg (2024) Steinberg\u2019s plug-in format. Available at:. https:\/\/steinbergmedia.github.io\/vst3_dev_portal\/pages\/index.html (accessed September 2024).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-5239-3_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09502386.2021.1895247"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5040\/9781501310652"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","volume-title":"Any Sound You Can Imagine: Making Music\/Consuming Technology","author":"Th\u00e9berge P","year":"1997","unstructured":"Th\u00e9berge P (1997) Any Sound You Can Imagine: Making Music\/Consuming Technology. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","unstructured":"U-He and Bitwig (2022) CLAP: the new audio plug-in standard. Available at: https:\/\/u-he.com\/community\/clap\/ (accessed September 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","unstructured":"Universal Music (2023) Universal music group and BandLab technologies announce first-of-its-kind strategic AI collaboration. Available at: https:\/\/www.universalmusic.com\/universal-music-group-and-bandlab-technologies-announce-first-of-its-kind-strategic-ai-collaboration\/ (accessed September 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190889760.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444809102955"}],"container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14614448241304660","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/14614448241304660","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14614448241304660","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:03:08Z","timestamp":1777694588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/14614448241304660"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/14614448241304660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14614448241304660","relation":{},"ISSN":["1461-4448","1461-7315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1461-4448","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7315","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]}}}