{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T03:12:59Z","timestamp":1780456379735,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Media &amp; Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study examines how digital nationalism distorts the articulation of feminism on China\u2019s popular video-sharing platform, BiliBili. Through a discourse analysis of the 100 most-viewed user-generated videos tagged with \u201cfeminism\u201d (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n\u00fcquan<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), we find that BiliBili\u2019s unique sociotechnical context, functioning both as a cultural platform and as a conduit for state propaganda, creates a space where various forms of nationalism\u2014including anti-consumerism, anti-Western liberalism, and Sinocentric nationalism\/chauvinism toward East Asian neighbors\u2014intersect with discussions of feminism. Consequently, feminism on BiliBili gains virality only insofar as it does not appear \u201ccontradictory\u201d to state-sponsored ideological slogans, norms, and notions of national identity. This article demonstrates how a seemingly participatory and free discursive space for user-generated content can, in fact, constrain women\u2019s agency in negotiating the very concept of feminism, limiting their ability to articulate struggles and diversify narratives.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14614448251317176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T03:12:46Z","timestamp":1741749166000},"page":"1977-1998","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["User-generated \u201cfeminism\u201d on BiliBili: Nationalism, Internet culture, and platform dynamics in digital China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0332-4524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junki","family":"Nakahara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17504813231171654"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17544750.2020.1761848"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01972243.2022.2137866"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","unstructured":"Feng Z Wong T (2021) Xianzi: the #MeToo icon China is trying to silence. BBC News 26 September. Available at: www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-china-58629102 (accessed 15 July 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","volume-title":"Betraying Big Brother: The Feminist Awakening in China","author":"Fincher LH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fincher LH (2018) Betraying Big Brother: The Feminist Awakening in China. London: Verso."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","volume-title":"The Discovery of Gounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research","author":"Glaser BG","year":"1967","unstructured":"Glaser BG, Strauss AL (1967) The Discovery of Gounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago, IL: Aldine Publishing Company."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14680777.2018.1447430"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"On fire in Weibo: feminist online activism in China","volume":"50","author":"Hou L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hou L (2015) On fire in Weibo: feminist online activism in China. Economic and Political Weekly 50(17): 79\u201385.","journal-title":"Economic and Political Weekly"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14649373.2020.1796352"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14680777.2022.2129412"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20563051231170816"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/01634437221146905"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/12259276.2019.1573002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17405904.2013.813770"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14680777.2019.1653350"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17427665221125537"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781071928813"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190876791.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nana.12779"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20570473211048029"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2020.1748088"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","unstructured":"Statista (2024a) Average number of monthly active users of Bilibili Inc. from 1st quarter 2020 to 1st quarter 2024. Available at: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1109108\/bilibili-average-monthly-active-users\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com (accessed 15 November 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","unstructured":"Statista (2024b) Share of Bilibili users in China in 2022 by gender. Available at: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1288174\/china-user-distribution-of-bilibili-by-gender\/ (accessed 15 November 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17645\/mac.v10i2.4996"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13676261.2022.2098705"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"The fourth wave: digital media powers China\u2019s grassroots feminism","volume":"11","author":"Xiao HF","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xiao HF (2019) The fourth wave: digital media powers China\u2019s grassroots feminism. East Asia Forum Quarterly 11(2): 36\u201336.","journal-title":"East Asia Forum Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5040\/9781350231528"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20563051231177952"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20594364211021316"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17512786.2019.1706622"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1461445620940051"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_1","first-page":"1891","article-title":"Mapping Chinese digital nationalism: a literature review","volume":"18","author":"Zhang X","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang X, Dumitrica D, Jansz J (2024) Mapping Chinese digital nationalism: a literature review. 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