{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:32:12Z","timestamp":1790253132497,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Orthod"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p> To evaluate the gingival condition due to adult orthodontic treatment using the clinical crown height (CCH) as an index. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Retrospective study. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Department of Orthodontics at a university. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title><jats:p> A total of 21 adult female patients with healthy periodontal tissue were treated by means of the multi-bracket appliance with extraction of four first premolars. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Three-dimensional (3D) digital dental models were reconstructed to assess the vertical movement of the free gingival margin caused by adult orthodontic treatment. Pre- and post-treatment CCH were measured, and changes in CCH due to treatment were examined. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> The change in CCH by orthodontic treatment was able to be assessed objectively using 3D digital models of the dental casts. In the upper dentition, a significant reduction in CCH was found on the labial and lingual sides of the central incisor, with a mean of \u20130.28 mm and \u20130.34 mm, respectively ( P &lt; 0.001). In contrast, a significant increase in CCH was found on the labial side of the lateral incisor with a mean of 0.75 mm ( P &lt; 0.001). In the lower dentition, CCH on the lingual side of the canine, the second premolar and the first molar increased significantly ( P &lt; 0.001), with a mean of 0.41 mm, 0.45 mm and 0.50 mm, respectively. For the buccal side, the second premolar showed a significant increase in CCH with a mean of 0.61 mm ( P &lt; 0.001). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> By using the CCH as an index, it was possible to assess the gingival condition after active orthodontic treatment. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/14653125211010815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T12:15:39Z","timestamp":1623240939000},"page":"371-382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Change in clinical crown height in adult patients treated by means of the multi-bracket appliance with extraction of four first premolars"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Yumi","family":"Ozeki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics, Department of Highly Advanced Stomatology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroya","family":"Ozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics, Department of Highly Advanced Stomatology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6472-6351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenji","family":"Fushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics, Department of Highly Advanced Stomatology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-14653125211010815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.08.015"},{"key":"bibr2-14653125211010815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.121791"},{"key":"bibr3-14653125211010815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.8.1104"},{"key":"bibr4-14653125211010815","first-page":"71","volume-title":"The Ortho-Perio Patient: Clinical Evidence and Therapeutic Guidelines","author":"Cosgarea 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