{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T11:50:39Z","timestamp":1781178639128,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Orthod"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p> To compare the effect of chewing sugar-free gum towards alleviating self-reported orthodontic treatment (OT) pain compared with conventional analgesic drugs (CADs). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Search sources:<\/jats:title><jats:p> An unrestricted search of indexed databases and manual searching was performed up to September 2021. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data selection:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the impact of chewing gum and CADs on relieving self-reported orthodontic pain were included. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data extraction:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Data screening, extraction and risk of bias (RoB) assessment were performed by two authors. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model. The quality of available evidence was assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Nine RCTs were included. Eight RCTs used the Visual Analogue Scale for self-reported pain assessment, while one RCT used the Numeric Rating Scale. Five RCTs had a high RoB and four RCTs had a moderate RoB. Power analysis for sample size estimation was performed in six RCTs. Separate meta-analyses were performed by pooling quantitative data from five RCTs that compared self-reported orthodontic pain between chewing gum and ibuprofen groups for the following timepoints: baseline; immediately; 2 hours; 6 hours; bedtime; 24 hours; 2 days; 3 days; 5 days; and 7 days after the placement of orthodontic appliances. None of the timepoints individually indicated a difference in self-reported pain scores between chewing sugar-free gum and ibuprofen groups. The overall level of evidence was very low. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Chewing sugar-free gum is a potentially useful alternative to CADs towards pain alleviation during fixed OT. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/14653125221144059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T04:56:52Z","timestamp":1671771412000},"page":"215-228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sugar-free chewing gum versus conventional analgesic drugs for pain relief with fixed orthodontic appliances. 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