{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:27:29Z","timestamp":1790270849361,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Orthod"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore early treatment practices and perceptions among members of the American Association of Orthodontists (AAO).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Members of the AAO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An electronic questionnaire was pre-piloted and circulated via email to members of the AAO. The survey questions covered respondent demographics, clinical experience, preferred timing of intervention, treatment approaches and clinicians\u2019 perceptions with regard to early interceptive treatment. Descriptive statistics were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 228 responses were obtained (response rate = 5.12%). Treatment was commonly timed using dental age (61%) and pubertal signs (61.8%). Several problems were treated in the mid-mixed dentition phase (8\u20139 years) including posterior crossbite (51.3%) increased overjet (41.7%), crowding (39.5%), space loss (41.23%) and anterior open bite (37.3%). Commonly reported treatment approaches included the use of sectional fixed appliances for treatment of anterior crossbite (81.6%), rapid palatal expander for treatment of posterior crossbite (63.6%) and anterior bite plane for deep overbite correction (62.7%). Herbst appliance (42.1%) and facemask (89%) were commonly prescribed for early correction of Class II and III, respectively. Lingual and palatal arches were commonly used to preserve arch length. The majority of respondents (60.1%) were proponents of two-phase orthodontic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early orthodontic treatment in the mid-mixed dentition stage was widely advocated for orthodontic intervention. Various malocclusions, including posterior and anterior crossbite, increased overjet, crowding, space loss and anterior open bite, were reported to be commonly addressed during this phase. Popular treatment approaches included sectional fixed appliances, Herbst appliance, facemask, rapid palatal expanders and anterior bite planes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/14653125251358832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]],"date-time":"2025-09-02T13:17:28Z","timestamp":1756819048000},"page":"285-294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Early orthodontic treatment practices and perceptions: A cross-sectional survey of AAO members"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Monique","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalya","family":"Al-Moghrabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Tomlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Roseman University of Health Sciences College of Dental Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niloufar","family":"Azami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCONN Health, Division of Orthodontics, Farmington, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calogero","family":"Dolce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0090-4037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Abu Arqub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2023.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-024-00516-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19031800"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children and adolescents","volume":"3","author":"Batista KBSL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Batista KBSL, Thiruvenkatachari B, Harrison JE, O\u2019Brien KD (2018) Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children and adolescents. 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