{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T13:07:35Z","timestamp":1781096855919,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.5\/4\/2-10\/2019-NCD-II"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.5\/4\/2-10\/2019-NCD-II"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Orthod"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess salivary insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) levels during mandibular advancement with Twin Block appliance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study enrolled 49 participants with skeletal Class 2 malocclusion, a retrognathic mandible, positive visual treatment objective (VTO), horizontal to average growth pattern and cervical vertebrae maturation index stages 3\u20134 (CVMI). Participants were treated with Twin Block appliance (Twin Block group [TBG]; n = 39). Salivary samples were collected before treatment (T0), at 7\u201310 days (T1), 6\u201310 weeks (T2), 8\u201310 months (T3) and after treatment (T4). Non-compliant participants formed the non-compliant group (NCG; n = 10). Lateral cephalograms were obtained for cephalometric evaluation. Statistical analyses compared salivary IGF-1 and BALP levels and cephalometric parameters within and between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The final sample included 39 participants in the TBG (17 boys, 22 girls; mean age =12.56 \u00b1 1.09 years) and 10 participants in the NCG (5 boys, 5 girls; mean age =12.7 \u00b1 1.16 years). A significant difference was observed in the salivary IGF-1 and BALP levels within the TBG across different time intervals. In the TBG, IGF-1 increased significantly at T1, and BALP significantly increased at T2 and T3. The NCG showed no significant changes in levels of IGF and BALP. A significant positive correlation between IGF-1 and BALP was noted at T1 in the TBG (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05), whereas a significant negative correlation was observed at T2 and T3 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05). Mann\u2013Whitney test showed a significant increase in mandibular length in TBG compared to NCG. Cephalometric analysis revealed significant improvements in mandibular length in TBG compared to NCG between T0 and T4.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study demonstrated a significant increase in salivary IGF-1 levels within 7\u201310 days, with BALP levels peaking at 6\u201310 weeks. These findings suggest a potential role of IGF-1 and BALP in the biochemical response to Twin Block appliance therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/14653125261427467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T06:08:13Z","timestamp":1774505293000},"page":"120-133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Salivary insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) levels during mandibular advancement with Twin Block appliance: A longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2352-9743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tulika","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navneet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Department of Dentistry, University college of Medical Sciences,\rDelhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veena","family":"GV","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinkle","family":"Sardana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhawna","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education &amp; Research, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyank","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2430"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095172"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21307\/aoj-2021.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25228"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003452.pub4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1440251"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Role of biochemical markers of bone remodeling in clinical practice","volume":"30","author":"Camozzi V","year":"2007","unstructured":"Camozzi V, Tossi A, Simoni E, et al. 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