{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T04:49:46Z","timestamp":1791607786102,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Orthod"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the ideal site for mini-screw (MS) insertion in the mandibular symphysis by obtaining total, intraosseous and extraosseous height and depth measurements in this anatomical region in relation to the mandibular anterior teeth and further categorise the results by sex and age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Settings:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were analysed from existing clinical records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CBCT images of 90 patients were examined from a single centre at UniCIEO University. The sample was divided into three age groups: G1 = 30 patients aged 9\u201313 years; G2 = 30 patients aged 14\u201323 years; and G3: 30 patients aged 24\u201350 years. Total, intraosseous and extraosseous height and depth measurements of the mandibular symphysis were obtained at the lower central incisor (LCI), lower lateral incisor (LLI) and lower canine (LC), along the long axis of each respective tooth, by a calibrated operator. For statistical analyses,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests and Mann\u2013Whitney U-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal\u2013Wallis test were used. Two-way ANOVA was applied for variables with significant differences (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex-related differences were observed, with male patients presenting greater measurements than female patients, including total height at LCI (mean difference = \u22122.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = \u22123.93 to \u22121.17) and LC (mean difference = \u22123.12, 95% CI = \u22124.71 to \u22121.54), as well as intraosseous height at LCI (mean difference = \u22123.00, 95% CI = \u22124.32 to \u22121.68) and LLI (mean difference = \u22122.24, 95% CI = \u22123.39 to \u22121.08).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An age-related increase in mandibular symphysis height and depth was observed. With respect to the ideal MS dimensions and the optimal site for orthodontic skeletal anchorage, MSs with a length of 20\u201328 mm may be placed vertically and deep in the lower vestibule of the mandibular symphysis, in the region of the lateral incisor and canine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/14653125261433575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T06:28:11Z","timestamp":1777012091000},"page":"146-157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The optimal site for orthodontic mini-screw placement in the mandibular symphysis: A cone-beam computed tomography study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1572-8574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa","family":"Arango","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, UniCIEO University, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6196-7707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavio","family":"Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivonne","family":"Barrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, UniCIEO University, Bogot\u00e1, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Villegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, CES University, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4577-3096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia P","family":"Plaza-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Universidad de Antioquia, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","first-page":"875","article-title":"Assessment of potential orthodontic mini-implant insertion sites based on anatomical hard tissue parameters: A systematic review","volume":"27","author":"AlSamak S","year":"2012","unstructured":"AlSamak S, Gkantidis N, Bitsanis E, et al. 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