{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T18:11:42Z","timestamp":1789668702113,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Orthod"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the properties of the newly developed graphene oxide\/hydroxyapatite (GOHA) and graphite fluoride\/bioactive glass (GFBAG) primers and compare them with Transbond XT orthodontic primer, which served as the control primer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vitro study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After primer preparation, primer wettability was investigated by measuring the static contact angle (n = 8). The hardness was evaluated by the Vickers hardness of the primer disks (n = 6). The shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI) and enamel damage index (EDI) were investigated using 240 premolars that were randomly divided into three groups (control, GOHA, GFBAG) and bonded in a standardised method. Each group was further subdivided (n = 20) for evaluation using different ageing models (initial bonding, water storage, acid challenge and thermocycling).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The experimental primers exhibited higher contact angles (25.59\u00b0 and 27.83\u00b0 for GOHA and GFBAG, respectively) and lower wettability than the control primer (20.48\u00b0), with a significant reduction in wettability for the GFBAG primer (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.008). In addition, a non-significant increase in microhardness was observed in the experimental primers. The values of SBS, ARI and EDI were comparable to the control primer (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05), except for the acid challenge group, which showed a significant reduction in the SBS compared to the control primer (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.046 and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.014 for GOHA and GFBAG, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The wettability and hardness of the newly developed GOHA and GFBAG primers were comparable to those of the control primer, while the bonding strength was within clinically acceptable levels, with comparable ARI and EDI to the control primer. Since in vitro studies cannot provide an exact simulation of the complex oral environment, the new primers could be promising candidates for further in-vitro and clinical evaluation during orthodontic treatment, as patients will be at high risk of developing white spot lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/14653125261483712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T02:42:41Z","timestamp":1789526561000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The wettability, microhardness and bonding performance of newly developed orthodontic primers under different ageing models"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8035-2278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afaf H.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9577-8947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yassir A.","family":"Yassir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Iraq"},{"name":"School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant T.","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdelaziz KM Alshahrani I Kamran MA et al. (2020) Debonding characteristics of orthodontic brackets subjected to intraoral stresses under different adhesive regimes: An in-vitro study. Journal of Applied Biomaterials and Functional Materials 18: 2280800019899640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2280800019899640","DOI":"10.1177\/2280800019899640"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akhavan A Sodagar A Mojtahedzadeh F et al. (2013) Investigating the effect of incorporating nanosilver\/nanohydroxyapatite particles on the shear bond strength of orthodontic adhesives. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 71: 1038\u20131042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00016357.2012.741699","DOI":"10.3109\/00016357.2012.741699"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Tuma RR Yassir YA (2021) Evaluation of a newly developed calcium fluoride nanoparticles-containing orthodontic primer: An in-vitro study. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 122: 104691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2021.104691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2021.104691"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Tuma RR Yassir YA (2022) Effect of calcium fluoride nanoparticles in prevention of demineralization during orthodontic fixed appliance treatment: A randomized clinical trial. European Journal of Orthodontics 45: 122\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjac055","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjac055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Tuma RR Yassir YA McIntyre GT (2024) Evaluation of three physical mixing methods of nanoparticles to orthodontic primer. Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 36: 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26477\/jbcd.v36i1.3585","DOI":"10.26477\/jbcd.v36i1.3585"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Artun J Bergland S (1984) Clinical trials with crystal growth conditioning as an alternative to acid-etch enamel pretreatment. American Journal of Orthodontics 85: 333\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9416(84)90190-8","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(84)90190-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Assad JMdCL Batista RFBD Anami LC et al. (2020) Effect of hydroxyapatite and 45S5 bioactive glass addition on a dental adhesive resin cement. International Journal of Applied Glass Science 12: 78\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijag.15850","DOI":"10.1111\/ijag.15850"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atashi MHA Haghighi AHS Nastarin P et al. (2018) Variations in enamel damage after debonding of two different bracket base designs: An in vitro study. Journal of Dental Research Dental Clinics Dental Prospects 12: 56\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15171\/joddd.2018.009","DOI":"10.15171\/joddd.2018.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","unstructured":"Bishara SE Ostby AW Ajlouni R et al. (2006) Early shear bond strength of a one-step self-adhesive on orthodontic brackets. The Angle Orthodontist 76: 689\u2013693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1043\/0003-3219(2006)076[0689:ESBSOA]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen C Chen Y Lu Z et al. (2017) The effects of water on degradation of the zirconia-resin bond. Journal of Dentistry 64: 23\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2017.04.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2017.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi A Yoo KH Yoon SY et al. (2021) Anti-microbial and remineralizing properties of self-adhesive orthodontic resin containing mesoporous bioactive glass. Materials 14: 3550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma14133550","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14133550"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi A Yoo KH Yoon SY et al. (2022) Enhanced antimicrobial and remineralizing properties of self-adhesive orthodontic resin containing mesoporous bioactive glass and zwitterionic material. Journal of Dental Sciences 17: 848\u2013855. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jds.2021.09.029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2021.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chung SH Cho S Kim K et al. (2017) Antimicrobial and physical characteristics of orthodontic primers containing antimicrobial agents. The Angle Orthodontist 87: 307\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/052516-416.1","DOI":"10.2319\/052516-416.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eliades T Bourauel C (2005) Intraoral aging of orthodontic materials: The picture we miss and its clinical relevance. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 127: 403\u2013412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.09.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira CJ Leitune VCB Balbinot GS et al. (2019) Antibacterial and remineralizing fillers in experimental orthodontic adhesives. Materials 12: 652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma12040652","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12040652"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garma NM Ibrahim AI (2022a) Development of a remineralizing calcium phosphate nanoparticle-containing self-etching system for orthodontic bonding. Clinical Oral Investigations 27: 1483\u20131497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-022-04767-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04767-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garma NMH Ibrahim AI (2022b) Bond strength survival of a novel calcium phosphate-enriched orthodontic self-etching system after various ageing protocols: An in vitro study. International Journal of Dentistry 2022: 3960362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/3960362","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3960362"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hammad SM El-Wassefy N Maher A et al. (2017) Effect of nanotechnology in self-etch bonding systems on the shear bond strength of stainless steel orthodontic brackets. Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 22: 47\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/2177-6709.22.1.047-056.oar","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.22.1.047-056.oar"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasan LA (2021) Evaluation the properties of orthodontic adhesive incorporated with nano-hydroxyapatite particles. Saudi Dental Journal 33: 1190\u20131196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.01.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hatf AD AL-Khatieeb MM (2020) Effect of ageing media on shear bond strength of metal orthodontic brackets bonded with different adhesive systems (a comparative in-vitro study). Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 32: 5\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26477\/jbcd.v32i4.2912","DOI":"10.26477\/jbcd.v32i4.2912"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussein AH Yassir YA (2024a) Development of a graphene oxide\/hydroxyapatite-containing orthodontic primer: An in-vitro study. Materials Chemistry and Physics 326: 129857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2024.129857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2024.129857"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussein AH Yassir YA (2024b) Graphene as a promising material in orthodontics: A review. Journal of Orthodontic Science 13: 24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jos.jos_3_24","DOI":"10.4103\/jos.jos_3_24"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","unstructured":"Hussein AH Yassir YA (2024c) A novel graphite fluoride\/bioactive glass-containing orthodontic primer with antibacterial and remineralization properties: An in-vitro study. The Journal of Adhesive Dentistry 26: 253\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3290\/j.jad.b5793278"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jurubeba JEP Costa AR Correr-Sobrinho L et al. (2017) Influence of thermal cycles number on bond strength of metallic brackets to ceramic. Brazilian Dental Journal 28: 206\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0103-6440201701217","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440201701217"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katyal D Subramanian AK Venugopal A et al. (2021) Assessment of wettability and contact angle of bonding agent with enamel surface etched by five commercially available etchants: An in vitro study. International Journal of Dentistry 2021: 9457553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/9457553","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9457553"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2018.48.3.163"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitahara-C\u00e9ia FMF Mucha JN dos Santos PAM (2008) Assessment of enamel damage after removal of ceramic brackets. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 134: 548\u2013555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.08.022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee SM Kim IR Park BS et al. (2017) Remineralization property of an orthodontic primer containing a bioactive glass with silver and zinc. Materials 10: 1253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma10111253","DOI":"10.3390\/ma10111253"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee SM Yoo KH Yoon SY et al. (2018) Enamel anti-demineralization effect of orthodontic adhesive containing bioactive glass and graphene oxide: An in-vitro study. Materials 11: 1728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma11091728","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11091728"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu Y Zhang L Niu LN et al. (2018) Antibacterial and remineralizing orthodontic adhesive containing quaternary ammonium resin monomer and amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles. Journal of Dentistry 72: 53\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2018.03.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2018.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nam HJ Kim YM Kwon YH et al. (2019a) Enamel surface remineralization effect by fluorinated graphite and bioactive glass-containing orthodontic bonding resin. Materials 12: 1308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma12081308","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12081308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nam HJ Kim YM Kwon YH et al. (2019b) Fluorinated bioactive glass nanoparticles: Enamel demineralization prevention and antibacterial effect of orthodontic bonding resin. Materials 12: 1813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma12111813","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12111813"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noronha MdS Fronza BM Andr\u00e9 CB et al. (2020) Effect of zirconia decontamination protocols on bond strength and surface wettability. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 32: 521\u2013529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jerd.12615","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12615"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","unstructured":"Pires-de FdCP Tonani-Torrieri R Vivanco RG et al. (2022) Effect of incorporation of bioactive glass-ceramic into self-etch adhesives. The Journal of Adhesive Dentistry 24: 195\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3290\/j.jad.b2916451"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Proen\u00e7a MAM Carvalho EM e Silva AS et al. (2020) Orthodontic resin containing bioactive glass: Preparation physicochemical characterization antimicrobial activity bioactivity and bonding to enamel. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 99: 102575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2020.102575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2020.102575"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahee SS Jehad RH (2023) Comparing the effectiveness of using three different re-mineralizing pastes on remineralisation of artificially induced white spot lesion. Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 35: 35\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26477\/jbcd.v35i4.3512","DOI":"10.26477\/jbcd.v35i4.3512"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos CN Matos FdS Rode SdM et al. (2018) Effect of two erosive protocols using acidic beverages on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to bovine enamel. Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 23: 64\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/2177-6709.23.6.064-072.oar","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.23.6.064-072.oar"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scribante A Contreras-Bulnes R Montasser MA et al. (2016) Orthodontics: Bracket materials adhesives systems and their bond strength. BioMed Research International 2016: 1329814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/1329814","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1329814"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva AL de Godoi APT Facury AGBF et al. (2022) Comparison of the shear bond strength between metal brackets and Transbond\u2122 XT Filtek\u2122 Z250 and Filtek\u2122 Z350 before and after gastroesophageal reflux: An in vitro study. International Orthodontics 20: 100664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ortho.2022.100664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2022.100664"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun L Yan Z Duan Y et al. (2018) Improvement of the mechanical tribological and antibacterial properties of glass ionomer cements by fluorinated graphene. Dental Materials 34: e115\u2013e127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dental.2018.02.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2018.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsichlaki A Chin SY Pandis N et al. (2016) How long does treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances last? A systematic review. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 149: 308\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.09.020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vinagre AR Messias AL Gomes MA et al. (2014) Effect of time on shear bond strength of four orthodontic adhesive systems. Revista Portuguesa de Estomatologia Medicina Dent\u00e1ria e Cirurgia Maxilofacial 55: 142\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rpemd.2014.08.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpemd.2014.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vineesha CM Varma DPK Bhupathi PA et al. (2021) Comparative evaluation of antibacterial effects of nanoparticle-incorporated orthodontic primer: An in vitro study. Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society 55: 390\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0301574220988182","DOI":"10.1177\/0301574220988182"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vuckovac M Latikka M Liu K et al. (2019) Uncertainties in contact angle goniometry. Soft Matter 15: 7089\u20137096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c9sm01221d","DOI":"10.1039\/C9SM01221D"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wichai W Nimcharoensuk K Anuwongnukroh N et al. (2018) Degree of conversion of three light-cured orthodontic adhesives. Key Engineering Materials 777: 577\u2013581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/KEM.777.577","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/KEM.777.577"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14653125261483712","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/14653125261483712","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14653125261483712","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:51:27Z","timestamp":1789667487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/14653125261483712"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/14653125261483712"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14653125261483712","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-3125","1465-3133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-3125","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-3133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"article-number":"14653125261483712"}}