{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T16:43:19Z","timestamp":1792255399355,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester)"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly increasing metabolic disorder linked with cardiovascular, renal, and neurological complications. This study investigated the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic potential of methanolic leaf extract of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Morus alba<\/jats:italic>\n                    using in vitro and in silico approaches.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry analysis of the methanolic extract identified 16 bioactive compounds, including 5-O-methylnaringenin 2TMS derivative and Benzenepropanoic acid derivatives. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated through \u03b1-amylase and \u03b1-glucosidase inhibition assays, while antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay. Antimicrobial activity was tested against\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, SwissADME, and ProTox-II analyses were also performed. All in vitro experiments were conducted in triplicate (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20093), and data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's multiple-comparison test, with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.05 considered statistically significant.\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The extract showed concentration-dependent inhibition of \u03b1-amylase (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u2009184.6\u2005\u00b5g\/mL) and \u03b1-glucosidase (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u2009112.3\u2005\u00b5g\/mL), with stronger inhibition of \u03b1-glucosidase. DPPH analysis confirmed antioxidant activity (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u2009230\u2005\u00b5g\/mL). Antimicrobial assays demonstrated inhibitory effects against both tested bacterial strains. Molecular docking identified 5-O-methylnaringenin as the most active compound with stable binding interactions at the \u03b1-glucosidase active site, supported by 100\u2005ns MD simulation. SwissADME predicted favorable gastrointestinal absorption, blood\u2013brain barrier permeability, and compliance with Lipinski's rules, while ProTox-II suggested no organ-specific toxicity.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The findings indicate that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. alba<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaves possess promising antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Among the identified compounds, 5-O-methylnaringenin demonstrated strong therapeutic potential with favorable pharmacokinetic and safety characteristics, supporting further in vivo studies for T2DM management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14690667261497248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:54:49Z","timestamp":1791910489000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["GC\u2013MS-guided phytochemical profiling of\n                    <i>Morus alba<\/i>\n                    leaves identifies 5-O-methylnaringenin as a promising antidiabetic agent"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7342-9797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quratulain","family":"Maqsood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Okara"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syeda","family":"Tehreem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Punjab"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Wajid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Science"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Numan Ali","family":"Ch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Punjab"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha Sohail","family":"Shaukat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Punjab"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tooba","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Punjab"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aniq Ur","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grand Asian University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.986931"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13040526"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2024.112873"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2025.112635"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42247-025-01072-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ethnomedicinal and traditional application of Allium wallichii Kunth (Himalayan Onion): an unexplored and underutilized nutraceutical plant foods from Himalayan regions","volume":"24","author":"Rana VS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rana VS, Sethiya NK, Duseja M, et al. Ethnomedicinal and traditional application of Allium wallichii Kunth (Himalayan Onion): an unexplored and underutilized nutraceutical plant foods from Himalayan regions. 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