{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:58:26Z","timestamp":1777859906634,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased circulating level of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is associated with menopausal oestrogen deficiency. We therefore hypothesised that the combined oral contraceptive (COC) with spironolactone (SPL) improves insulin resistance (IR) in ovariectomised (OVX) rats by reducing circulating PAI-1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into sham-operated (SHM), OVX, OVX+SPL (0.25 mg\/kg), COC (1.0 \u00b5g ethinylestradiol and 5.0 \u00b5g levonorgestrel) and OVX+COC+SPL rats treated with COC and SPL daily for eight weeks. IR was assessed by homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data showed that OVX rats had a higher HOMA-IR value that is associated with increased visceral adiposity, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol\/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), TG\/HDL-C, plasma insulin, GSK-3, corticosterone and decreased 17\u03b2-oestradiol. However, these effects were attenuated in OVX+COC, OVX+SPL and OVX+COC+SPL rats compared to OVX rats. OVX rats had lower PAI-1 than SHM rats, whereas the beneficial effect on IR and other parameters by COC or SPL was accompanied with increased PAI-1. Improvement of IR and other parameters with combined COC and SPL in OVX rats was accompanied with reduced PAI-1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Taken together, COC or SPL improves IR independent of PAI-1, whereas a combination of COC and SPL in OVX rats ameliorates IR in a PAI-1-dependent manner.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/1470320319895933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T04:09:38Z","timestamp":1576814978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Combined but not single treatment with ethinylestradiol\/levonorgestrel and spironolactone reduces plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in insulin-resistant ovariectomised rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Adeyanju Oluwaseun","family":"Aremu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria"},{"name":"Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dibia Chinaza","family":"Lilian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soladoye Ayodele","family":"Olufemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health sciences, Bowen University, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7735-7441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olatunji Lawrence","family":"Aderemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199906103402306"},{"key":"bibr2-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1684-1"},{"key":"bibr3-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01488.x"},{"key":"bibr4-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1538-7836.2003.00279.x"},{"key":"bibr5-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH08-08-0524"},{"key":"bibr6-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.7.1952"},{"key":"bibr7-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199703063361002"},{"key":"bibr8-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0591"},{"key":"bibr9-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1614516"},{"key":"bibr10-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genm.2011.05.006"},{"key":"bibr11-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199604113341504"},{"key":"bibr12-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00403280"},{"key":"bibr13-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.9.2057"},{"key":"bibr14-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.19.10228"},{"key":"bibr15-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.2.263"},{"key":"bibr16-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-13-0189"},{"key":"bibr17-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2011.00511.x"},{"key":"bibr18-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g6356"},{"key":"bibr19-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2005.04.012"},{"key":"bibr20-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487312452966"},{"key":"bibr21-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.06.056"},{"key":"bibr22-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60478-4"},{"key":"bibr23-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0253"},{"key":"bibr24-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP15748.DSC"},{"key":"bibr25-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030808"},{"key":"bibr26-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gme.0000191209.13115.46"},{"key":"bibr27-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2004.05.009"},{"key":"bibr28-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/750986"},{"key":"bibr29-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2010.03.029"},{"key":"bibr30-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2017-0630"},{"key":"bibr31-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0971"},{"key":"bibr32-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0618"},{"key":"bibr33-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2430"},{"key":"bibr34-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2004-0020"},{"key":"bibr35-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2010.00710.x"},{"key":"bibr36-1470320319895933","first-page":"185","volume":"6","author":"Phan BA","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"key":"bibr37-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet1066"},{"key":"bibr38-1470320319895933","first-page":"114","volume":"5","author":"Yazdani S","year":"2014","journal-title":"Caspian J Intern Med"},{"key":"bibr39-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.10.009"},{"key":"bibr40-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-1499"},{"key":"bibr41-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-1886-0"},{"key":"bibr42-1470320319895933","first-page":"75","volume":"200","author":"O\u2019Donnell E","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"bibr43-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0701"},{"key":"bibr44-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1882-x"},{"key":"bibr45-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2007-0129"},{"key":"bibr46-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01061993"},{"key":"bibr47-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2007.02311.x"},{"key":"bibr48-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2017.1369549"},{"key":"bibr49-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-08-0199"},{"key":"bibr50-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000136521.70093.f1"},{"key":"bibr51-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.3.846"},{"key":"bibr52-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.7.605"},{"key":"bibr53-1470320319895933","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401641"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1470320319895933","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1470320319895933","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1470320319895933","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:39:44Z","timestamp":1777509584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1470320319895933"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1470320319895933"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1470320319895933","relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-3203","1752-8976"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-3203","type":"print"},{"value":"1752-8976","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"article-number":"1470320319895933"}}