{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:10:43Z","timestamp":1791472243255,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]],"date-time":"2012-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dementia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Urban centers are increasingly ethnically diverse. However, some visible minorities are less likely than their majority counterparts to seek and receive services and treatment for dementia. This study explored experiences of South Asian Canadians, Canada\u2019s largest visible minority group, prior to dementia diagnosis. Six persons with dementia and eight of their family carers described their early perceptions of dementia-related changes, actions taken, including help seeking and diagnosis, and affective responses. Early signs were attributed to aging or personality. Even after cognitive enhancers were prescribed, some respondents continued to believe that the dementia symptoms were \u2018normal\u2019. Family carers\u2019 affective responses may be related to their attributions. Before seeking medical attention, family carers modified physical or social environments because of symptoms. Help seeking was delayed up to four years, even with significant dementia symptoms. Recognition of a health problem was influenced by safety concerns, emergence of new symptoms following trauma, and treatment for other health problems. For some, relatives living outside the home or outside Canada were instrumental in recognizing a problem and convincing family carers and persons with dementia to seek medical attention. The pathway to diagnosis might be easier with outreach to help South Asian immigrants differentiate between normal aging and dementia. Symptom recognition by physicians treating other acute conditions was a portal to dementia services for others. Screening and referral in acute care could result in earlier diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301212444806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,27]],"date-time":"2012-04-27T20:56:34Z","timestamp":1335560194000},"page":"769-789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Pathways to dementia diagnosis among South Asian Canadians"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lynn","family":"McCleary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Brock University, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malini","family":"Persaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, York University, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Hum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas JG","family":"Pimlott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carole A","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Koehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Healthy Aging at Providence, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen K","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William B","family":"Dalziel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Kozak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Healthy Aging at Providence, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor F","family":"Emerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acuity Research Group Inc., Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L","family":"Silvius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Drummond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0966-0410.2001.00321.x"},{"key":"bibr2-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(03)00075-8"},{"key":"bibr3-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2524.2000.00224.x"},{"key":"bibr4-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1368-504X.2005.00480.x"},{"key":"bibr5-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2524.2003.00440.x"},{"key":"bibr6-1471301212444806","unstructured":"Citizenship & Immigration Canada. (2005).\n                      You asked about \u2026. immigration and citizenship 2005\n                      (Cat. No. Ci63-16\/2005). Ottawa, Canada: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.cic.gc.ca\/EnGLIsh\/pdf\/pub\/you-asked.pdf."},{"key":"bibr7-1471301212444806","unstructured":"City of Toronto. (nd).\n                      Toronto facts: Toronto\u2019s racial diversity.\n                      Retrieved from http:\/\/www.toronto.ca\/toronto_facts\/diversity.htm."},{"key":"bibr8-1471301212444806","unstructured":"Coomaraswamy, A. K. (1918). The\n                      dance of Siva: Fourteen Indian essays\n                      (pp. 56\u201366). New York: The Sunwise Turn, Inc. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.archive.org\/details\/danceofsivafourt01coomuoft."},{"key":"bibr9-1471301212444806","first-page":"509","volume":"12","author":"Corcoran M. 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The cultural influence of values, norms, meanings, and perceptions in understanding dementia in ethnic minorities.\n                      Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 16\n                      (S2), S56\u2013S63.","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-200200002-00005"},{"key":"bibr13-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199611)11:11<937::AID-GPS540>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"bibr14-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13591053030085013"},{"key":"bibr15-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027595172002"},{"key":"bibr16-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2003.10.001"},{"key":"bibr17-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07399330903199334"},{"key":"bibr18-1471301212444806","volume-title":"Introduction to Asian religions","author":"Hawkins B. 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Retrieved from http:\/\/www.bcnar.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/events\/speakingtotheinterface.pdf."},{"key":"bibr27-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X08007952"},{"key":"bibr28-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaging.2004.12.001"},{"key":"bibr29-1471301212444806","unstructured":"Lal, R. L. (2003).\n                      The culture of aging among South Asian communities in Vancouver.\n                      (Master\u2019s thesis). Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia. Retrieved from http:\/\/circle.ubc.ca\/handle\/2429\/14515."},{"key":"bibr30-1471301212444806","unstructured":"Lalli, B. S. (2007). Indo-Canadian seniors: Culture, who cares?\n                      Proceedings of Speaking to the Interface: A symposium on access to health care for ethnic minority seniors\n                      (pp. 34\u201336)\n                      .\n                      Vancouver, BC: BC Home and Community Care Research Network and Fraser Health Authority. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.bcnar.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/events\/speakingtotheinterface.pdf."},{"key":"bibr31-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.1997.9961815"},{"key":"bibr32-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301206062252"},{"key":"bibr33-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(01)00255-6"},{"key":"bibr34-1471301212444806","volume-title":"The content analysis guidebook","author":"Neuendorf K. A.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr35-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1118"},{"key":"bibr36-1471301212444806","first-page":"508","volume":"55","author":"Pimlott N. J. G.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Canadian Family Physician"},{"key":"bibr37-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1740"},{"key":"bibr38-1471301212444806","unstructured":"Rangaswamy, P. (2005). South Asian diaspora. In M. Ember, C. R. Ember, & I. Skoggard (Eds.),\n                      Encyclopedia of diasporas: Immigrant and refugee cultures around the world\n                      (pp. 285\u2013296). New York: Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.springerlink.com\/content\/q0k9t1\/."},{"key":"bibr39-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370404900307"},{"key":"bibr40-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-240X(200008)23:4<334::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"bibr41-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167288143021"},{"key":"bibr42-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301205051093"},{"key":"bibr43-1471301212444806","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2006a).\n                      Canada\u2019s ethnocultural mosaic, 2006 census: Findings.\n                      Retrieved from http:\/\/www12.statcan.ca\/census-recensement\/2006\/as-sa\/97-562\/index-eng.cfm."},{"key":"bibr44-1471301212444806","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2006b).\n                      Population by ethnic origins, by census metropolitan areas (2006 census).\n                      Retrieved from http:\/\/www40.statcan.gc.ca\/l01\/cst01\/demo27g-eng.htm."},{"key":"bibr45-1471301212444806","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2007).\n                      The South Asian community in Canada. South Asian Community in Canada 2007, No. 6.\n                      Retrieved from http:\/\/www.statcan.gc.ca\/pub\/89-621-x\/89-621-x2007006-eng.htm."},{"key":"bibr46-1471301212444806","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (April 8, 2008). 2006 census: Ethnic origin, visible minorities, place of work and mode of transportation.\n                      The Daily\n                      . Retrieved from http:\/\/www.statcan.gc.ca\/daily-quotidien\/080402\/dq080402a-eng.htm."},{"key":"bibr47-1471301212444806","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2009).\n                      Visible minority population by age group (2006 census). Statistics Canada, 2006 census of population\n                      . Retrieved from http:\/\/www40.statcan.ca\/l01\/cst01\/demo50a-eng.htm."},{"key":"bibr48-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.111.2.340"},{"key":"bibr49-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1074840702239490"},{"key":"bibr50-1471301212444806","unstructured":"Tran, K., Kaddatz, J. & Allard, P. (2005). South Asians in Canada: Unity through diversity.\n                      Canadian Social Trends, Autumn. No. 78.I\n                      (Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 11-008). Retrieved from http:\/\/dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca\/Collection-R\/Statcan\/11-008-XIE\/0020511-008-XIE.pdf."},{"key":"bibr51-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.40.4.650"},{"key":"bibr52-1471301212444806","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102113"}],"container-title":["Dementia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1471301212444806","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1471301212444806","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1471301212444806","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:47:08Z","timestamp":1777398428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1471301212444806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1471301212444806"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1471301212444806","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-3012","1741-2684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-3012","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]]}}}