{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T08:25:30Z","timestamp":1786868730245,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["110-2410-H-224-026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2410-H-224-026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dementia"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-pharmacological interventions are widely recognised as essential components of dementia care. However, many cognitive activities lack cultural relevance and are difficult to integrate into everyday care practice. Design-driven approaches that emphasise cultural localisation and feasibility may offer an alternative pathway for meaningful engagement. To address this, this study employed a qualitative, practice-based design to develop and evaluate a culturally localised cognitive card-game intervention for older adults living with dementia. The intervention was implemented in routine care settings and examined through participant observation, staff interviews, and participation records, with data subsequently analysed thematically with a focus on engagement, social interaction, and feasibility. Three interrelated themes emerged from the analysis: (1) cultural familiarity as a catalyst for engagement, (2) social interaction and emotional expression through shared play, and (3) feasibility and adaptability within everyday care routines. Specifically, participants demonstrated sustained attention and active involvement, while care staff reported that the intervention was easy to use and compatible with existing practice. Cultural references embedded in the card content also appeared to facilitate communication and shared experiences among participants with varying cognitive abilities. These findings suggest that culturally localised cognitive materials can support meaningful engagement and social interaction in dementia care without relying on complex or resource-intensive interventions. By foregrounding cultural relevance and design feasibility, this study contributes to the growing body of non-pharmacological dementia research and highlights the value of design-driven approaches situated in real-world care contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14713012261472938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T05:48:02Z","timestamp":1786686482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design and Efficacy of Localized Non-Pharmacological Cognitive Materials: A Participatory Card-Game Intervention for Older Adults With Dementia in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0582-7560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shyh-Bao","family":"Chiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Yunlin University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6306-6077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang-Suey","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Yunlin University of Science and Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Ying","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","volume-title":"CURATE-D. A game-based methodology for empowering dementia-friendly communities","author":"Alzheimer Europe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alzheimer Europe. (2024). CURATE-D. A game-based methodology for empowering dementia-friendly communities. https:\/\/www.alzheimer-europe.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","volume-title":"Digital health for dementia in the Philippines: Memory Lane Games case study","author":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International. (2022). Digital health for dementia in the Philippines: Memory Lane Games case study. https:\/\/www.alzint.org\/news-events\/news\/memory-lane-games-case-study-digital-health-for-dementia-in-the-philippines\/"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","first-page":"1081","article-title":"The art of successful implementation of psychosocial interventions in residential dementia care: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"Boersma P.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Boersma P., van Weert J. C. M., Lakerveld J., Dr\u00f6es R.-M. (2015). The art of successful implementation of psychosocial interventions in residential dementia care: A systematic review of the literature. International Psychogeriatrics, 27(7), 1081\u20131099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1041610214001409","journal-title":"International Psychogeriatrics"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","first-page":"809","article-title":"Active involvement of people with dementia: A systematic review of studies developing supportive technologies","volume":"35","author":"Brankaert R.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brankaert R., Snaphaan L., den Ouden E. (2019). Active involvement of people with dementia: A systematic review of studies developing supportive technologies. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 35(9), 809\u2013827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-190050","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13999"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnw259"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/19404921-20240913-01"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","volume-title":"Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches","author":"Creswell J. W.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Creswell J. W., Poth C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage.","edition":"4"},{"issue":"45","key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","first-page":"760","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of dementia","volume":"113","author":"Deuschl G.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deuschl G., Maier W., Hamann J., Jessen F., Schulz R. (2016). The diagnosis and treatment of dementia. Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International, 113(45), 760\u2013769.","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","first-page":"2606","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th European conference on Design4Health","author":"Garde J. A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garde J. A., van der Voort M. C., Niedderer K. (2018). Design Probes for dementia: A participatory approach to understanding people living with dementia. In Proceedings of the 5th European conference on Design4Health (pp. 2606\u20132621). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21606\/drs.2018.492"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2018.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40483-2_46"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","volume-title":"Cogni+: Cognitive games for seniors\u2014Slowing the development of dementia","author":"Hong Kong Design Institute","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hong Kong Design Institute. (2025). Cogni+: Cognitive games for seniors\u2014Slowing the development of dementia. https:\/\/edt.hkdi.edu.hk\/edt2025\/cn\/project\/Cogni+\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","volume-title":"Dementia reconsidered: The person comes first","author":"Kitwood T.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kitwood T. (1997). Dementia reconsidered: The person comes first. Open University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.12453"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lara-Consuegra B. Carnes-Vendrell A. Torres-Hidalgo P. Pi\u00f1ol-Ripoll G. (2025). Cognitive therapies and their impact on neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A scoping review. Frontiers in Psychology 16 Article 1547619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1547619","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1547619"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","first-page":"156","volume-title":"Routledge international handbook of participatory design","author":"Lee Y.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee Y., Hendriks N., Wilkinson A. (2025). Co-designing dementia culture(s). In Routledge international handbook of participatory design (pp. 156\u2013171). Routledge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781003334330-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2207676.2208570"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2017.1423031"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67744-6_23"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogawa M. Nishida S. Shirai H. (2017). A qualitative study to explore ways to observe results of engaging activities in clients with dementia. Occupational Therapy International 2017 Article 7513875. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/7513875","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7513875"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000316119"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15710880701875068"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","first-page":"1151","article-title":"Cultural adaptations of the WHO iSupport for dementia: A scoping review","volume":"23","author":"Sani T. P.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sani T. P., Cheung G., Peri K., Yates S., Kerse N., Whaanga H., Cullum S. (2024). Cultural adaptations of the WHO iSupport for dementia: A scoping review. Dementia, 23(7), 1151\u20131172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14713012241283860","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.183.3.248"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJCIH.2010.037457"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190050"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21650349.2018.1501280"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429442407"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2470654.2481363"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-017-0635-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woods B. Aguirre E. Spector A. E. Orrell M. (2012). Cognitive stimulation to improve cognitive functioning in people with dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2) Article CD005562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD005562.pub2","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005562.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_1","volume-title":"Risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia: WHO guidelines","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2019). Risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia: WHO guidelines. WHO Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"}],"container-title":["Dementia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14713012261472938","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/14713012261472938","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14713012261472938","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T08:16:54Z","timestamp":1786868214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/14713012261472938"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/14713012261472938"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14713012261472938","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-3012","1741-2684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-3012","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-2684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"article-number":"14713012261472938"}}