{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T17:27:04Z","timestamp":1771003624433,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study is to enhance urban water security, maintain the ecological balance of water, and leverage the role of water resources in the development of sponge cities. By selecting a city as the research subject, we analyze the components of the urban water ecological security pattern, taking into account the characteristics of the natural-social dual water cycle during urbanization. Employing geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing technology, we construct a single-element water ecological security pattern that covers four critical dimensions: rainfall and flood management, soil and water conservation, water resource conservation, and water quality. Based on the principle of inherent consistency, a comprehensive assessment security pattern for the urban water cycle is established. The study then delves into the regional water cycle phenomenon using the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) model. Rainfall erosivity is determined through the regression equation for rainfall and the R factor, as proposed by Renard. The water quality balance method is employed to calculate regional water savings, while the water quality detection method is used to assess the water quality index of the water environment. The findings reveal that areas with low water ecological security constitute 18.87% of the study area, predominantly surrounding reservoirs, wetlands, and lakes where water sources are relatively plentiful and vegetation coverage is high. Medium-level water ecological security areas, making up 12% of the region, are mainly found in areas of higher elevation, such as the north, southwest, and southeast, with predominant land types being hills, woodlands, and grasslands. High-level water ecological security areas account for 17.29%, largely concentrated in areas with robust flood control measures and are mostly located in flat regions such as the west, east, and south of the urban district, where cultivated land and residential areas prevail. The purpose of this investigation is to provide a scientific reference and foundation for mitigating the urban water ecological crisis, promoting the sustainable utilization of urban water resources, and protecting the regional ecological environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14727978241302164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T03:15:24Z","timestamp":1745896524000},"page":"1630-1643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Constructing a water ecological security pattern in sponge cities utilizing machine learning and geographic information systems"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China"}]},{"given":"Xiguang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000508"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"3382","article-title":"Main research contents and advances in the ecological security pattern","volume":"38","author":"Xin YE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xin YE, Zou C, Liu G, et al. Main research contents and advances in the ecological security pattern. Acta Ecol Sin 2018; 38: 3382\u20133392.","journal-title":"Acta Ecol Sin"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"An analysis of Toronto\u2019s urban ravine policies and the achievement of ecological integrity","volume":"1","author":"Richard J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Richard J. An analysis of Toronto\u2019s urban ravine policies and the achievement of ecological integrity. TSpace Repository 2018; 1: 1\u201325.","journal-title":"TSpace Repository"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"66","article-title":"The review and outlook of digital soil mapping","volume":"37","author":"Zhu A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhu A, Yang L, Fan N, et al. The review and outlook of digital soil mapping. Prog Geogr 2018; 37: 66\u201378.","journal-title":"Prog Geogr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10980-019-00845-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/euco-2017-0037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fee.1752"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessing agricultural water use effect of China based on water footprint framework","volume":"34","author":"Cao X","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cao X, Ren J, Wu M, et al. Assessing agricultural water use effect of China based on water footprint framework. Trans Chin Soc Agric Eng 2018; 34: 1\u20138.","journal-title":"Trans Chin Soc Agric Eng"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"701","article-title":"Identification and optimization of ecological security pattern in Xiong\u2019an new area","volume":"73","author":"Peng J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peng J, Huilei LI, Liu Y, et al. Identification and optimization of ecological security pattern in Xiong\u2019an new area. Acta Geograph Sin 2018; 73: 701\u2013710.","journal-title":"Acta Geograph Sin"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Main research contents and advances in the ecological security pattern","volume":"38","author":"Xin YE","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xin YE, Zou C, Liu G, et al. Main research contents and advances in the ecological security pattern. Acta Ecol Sin 2018; 38: 1\u201324.","journal-title":"Acta Ecol Sin"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2018.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Changes in lakes on the Tibetan Plateau observed from satellite data and their responses to climate variations","volume":"2","author":"Zhang G","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang G. Changes in lakes on the Tibetan Plateau observed from satellite data and their responses to climate variations. Prog Geogr 2018; 2: 15\u201324.","journal-title":"Prog Geogr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"55","article-title":"Research on cooperation ecological compensation path based on virtual footprint of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei","volume":"4","author":"Yuan Q","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yuan Q, Sun K, Li J. Research on cooperation ecological compensation path based on virtual footprint of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. dtssehs 2018; 4: 55\u201364.","journal-title":"dtssehs"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-2316-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"738","article-title":"Characteristics of nitrogen loss in sloping cropland of purple soil during maize growth stage under rainstorm","volume":"51","author":"Feng X","year":"2018","unstructured":"Feng X, Zheng Z, Li T, et al. Characteristics of nitrogen loss in sloping cropland of purple soil during maize growth stage under rainstorm. Sci Agric Sin 2018; 51: 738\u2013749.","journal-title":"Sci Agric Sin"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11629-018-5211-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/SRE2017.6540"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11442-019-1641-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/esp.4361"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Development and analysis of a Bayesian water balance model for large lake systems","volume":"4","author":"Smith JP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Smith JP, Gronewold AD. Development and analysis of a Bayesian water balance model for large lake systems. ArXiv 2018; 4: 1\u201332.","journal-title":"ArXiv"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/abt.2018.80.5.353"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-6724.13876"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/w12102764"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi6090263"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2577-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11430-018-9369-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"1990","article-title":"Construction of ecological security pattern in the agro-pastoral ecotone based on surface humid index: a case study of Hangjin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China","volume":"29","author":"Jian P","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jian P, Jing LJ, Yi NH, et al. Construction of ecological security pattern in the agro-pastoral ecotone based on surface humid index: a case study of Hangjin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology\/Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban 2023; 29: 1990\u20131998.","journal-title":"Ying yong sheng tai xue bao = The journal of applied ecology\/Zhongguo sheng tai xue xue hui, Zhongguo ke xue yuan Shenyang ying yong sheng tai yan jiu suo zhu ban"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18488\/journal.1.2018.85.213.226"}],"container-title":["Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14727978241302164","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/14727978241302164","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/14727978241302164","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T16:32:24Z","timestamp":1771000344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/14727978241302164"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/14727978241302164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14727978241302164","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-7978","1875-8983"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-7978","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8983","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]}}}