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Five L-shaped frame models were developed using ABAQUS, with length-to-width ratios (L\/B=) of 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 2.5:1, and 3:1. By comparing peak shear forces and bending moments at the tops of corner columns in the direction of excitation under earthquake wave passage excitations, this research highlights the impact of low-frequency content on wave passage effect. Findings show that when seismic waves contain sufficient low-frequency content, wave passage effect occurs in wave-facing outer corner columns, whereas inner corner columns do not. The last-arriving outer corner columns, however, displayed no consistent pattern. With the rise of the L\/B ratio (when L\/B = 3), the peak shear force and bending moment of the wave-facing outer corner columns go up by 13.8% and 7.1%, respectively. The last-arriving outer corner columns encounter up to an 11.1% increases in peak shear force and 10% in peak bending moment. When the seismic waves lack sufficient low-frequency content, the corner columns of the L-shaped frame structure are less likely to experience wave passage effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/14727978251341487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T16:35:56Z","timestamp":1746549356000},"page":"4665-4678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Elastic-plastic torsional response of L-shaped frames under earthquake wave passage excitation with varying low-frequency content"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1692-2119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, China"}]},{"given":"Tielin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, China"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-0296(97)00103-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-0296(01)00126-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10518-009-9170-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostr.2019.07.059"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","unstructured":"Newmark NM (1969). 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