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Lumbar IT catheters were implanted in rats and saline or 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 \u03bcg\/h morphine were administered for 7 days. On the last day, formalin-induced inflammatory pain was induced in rat hind paws and pain intensity was assessed. Rat spleens were then harvested for immune function assay. The IT morphine induced a dose-dependent analgesic effect and lactic acid dehydrogenase release assay showed dose-dependent suppression of natural killer cell activity. Concanavalin-A-induced splenocyte proliferation assay showed IT morphine to suppress T lymphocyte function in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry showed IT morphine significantly to decrease T lymphocyte function and the percentages of T lymphocyte subsets in a dose-dependent manner. Hence, in inflammatory-induced pain IT morphine was found to suppress immune function. Chronic IT morphine should be used cautiously to treat chronic pain in immunocompromised cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000703500507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]],"date-time":"2013-02-27T14:22:43Z","timestamp":1361974963000},"page":"626-636","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Intrathecal Morphine Suppresses Immune Function in Rats with Inflammatory-induced Pain"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"W","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Q","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, 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