{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T12:33:10Z","timestamp":1777725190790,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]],"date-time":"2008-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228089600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Int Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Thermography for the measurement of surface temperatures is well known in industry, although is not established in medicine despite its safety, lack of pain and invasiveness, easy reproducibility, and low running costs. Promising results have been achieved in nerve entrapment syndromes, although thermography has never represented a real alternative to electromyography. Here an attempt is described to improve the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome with thermography using a computer-based system employing artificial neural networks to analyse the images. Method reliability was tested on 112 images (depicting the dorsal and palmar sides of 26 healthy and 30 pathological hands), with the hand divided into 12 segments and compared relative to a reference. Palmar segments appeared to have no beneficial influence on classification outcome, whereas dorsal segments gave improved outcome with classification success rates near to or over 80%, and finger segments influenced by the median nerve appeared to be of greatest importance. These are preliminary results from a limited number of images and further research will be undertaken as our image database grows.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000803600625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,27]],"date-time":"2013-02-27T14:22:43Z","timestamp":1361974963000},"page":"1363-1370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Infrared Thermography Based on Artificial Intelligence for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"B Jesen\u0161ek","family":"Pape\u017e","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Palfy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z","family":"Turk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-147323000803600625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MEMB.2002.1175137"},{"key":"bibr2-147323000803600625","first-page":"176","volume":"1","author":"Hackett MEJ","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Thermographica"},{"key":"bibr3-147323000803600625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1236904"},{"key":"bibr4-147323000803600625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.3_Part_1.523","volume":"40","author":"American College of Neurology","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"bibr5-147323000803600625","first-page":"27","volume":"3","author":"Rider BA","year":"1991","journal-title":"Crit Rev Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"bibr6-147323000803600625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199207010-00013"},{"key":"bibr7-147323000803600625","volume-title":"Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Anatomy of the Median Nerve","author":"Rosenbaum RB","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr8-147323000803600625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00859.2004"},{"key":"bibr9-147323000803600625","unstructured":"Palfy M, Zorman M: Automatic identification of histological features in histological images using artificial neural networks. Proceedings of the 14th International Electrotechnical and Computer Science Conference ERK 2005. 26\u201328 September, 2005, Portoro\u017e, Slovenia. Vol B: pp 330\u2013333."},{"key":"bibr10-147323000803600625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ammer K: Diagnosis of nerve entrapment syndromes by thermal imaging. Proceedings of the First Joint BMES\/EMBS Conference 1999. 13\u201316 October 1999, Atlanta, GA, USA. Vol 2: p 1117 (accessible at http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplore\/login.jsp?url=\/stamp\/stamp.jsp?arnumber=804279&isnumber=17403).","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.1999.804279"},{"key":"bibr11-147323000803600625","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(87)80262-9"},{"key":"bibr12-147323000803600625","first-page":"130","volume":"6","author":"Schartelm\u00fcller T","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thermologie \u00d6sterreich"},{"key":"bibr13-147323000803600625","volume-title":"Principles of Data Mining","author":"Hand DJ","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr14-147323000803600625","volume-title":"Discovering Knowledge in Data: an Introduction to Data Mining","author":"Larose DT","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr15-147323000803600625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3071.001.0001","volume-title":"Foundations of Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems, and Knowledge Engineering","author":"Kasabov NK","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr16-147323000803600625","volume-title":"Data Mining: Concepts, Models, Methods, and Algorithms","author":"Kantardzic M","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr17-147323000803600625","volume-title":"Nerve Entrapment and Skin Temperature of the Human Hand. A Casebook of Infrared Imaging in Clinical Medicine","author":"Ammer K","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr18-147323000803600625","volume-title":"The Thermal Image in Medicine and Biology","author":"Ring EFJ","year":"1995"}],"container-title":["Journal of International Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/147323000803600625","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/147323000803600625","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T10:41:45Z","timestamp":1777459305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/147323000803600625"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/147323000803600625"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/147323000803600625","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-0605","1473-2300"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-0605","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-2300","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}}}